夏热冬冷地区高层住宅小区室外热环境研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 07:57

  本文选题：室外热环境 + 夏热冬冷地区　； 参考：《长沙理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市的快速发展，城市人口急速增加同时也引起了住房需求的扩大。城市的土地越来越稀缺迫使建筑通过发展高层住宅的形式来弥补这一缺口。这种喷井式的爆发趋势，也引发了许多问题，集中表现在建筑能耗的增高以及舒适性的降低。我国幅员辽阔，南北跨纬度较大导致气候特征差异性也很大。在目前在室外热环境研究中，大多数学者将研究重点放在有采暖需求的北方严寒和寒冷地区，而针对夏季和冬季环境调节难度较大的夏热冬冷地区的研究相对较少。 在目前室外热环境的研究中，主要关注分析住宅室外热环境的各种影响因素，并没有从立体空间尺度来定量地揭示不同建筑分布形式室外热环境的分布规律；再者室外热环境的研究着重于某一单独建筑群，缺乏对于某一地区的针对性，借鉴性不高；忽略了冬季室外环境中可能出现的室外人体吹风感强的问题。本文研究选定具有代表性的夏热冬冷地区的高层住宅小区，从立体的空间尺度来整体地揭示住区不同建筑布局室外热环境的分布规律；摒弃对单栋建筑为研究对象的方法，转而以具有代表性的典型住宅形式入手进行研究。和以往单单只是着重于夏季的室外热环境研究不同，也针对冬季与夏季室外热环境影响因素的不同（主要是绿化率），对冬季室外热环境进行了研究分析。旨在由特殊性研究出发，在研究过程中找到相关共性。模拟阶段按气候特征的不同分为夏季和冬季两个阶段，综合考虑流场、温度场两个因素，对周边热环境进行模拟。 目前针对室外热环境的主要研究方式有：模型试验、现场实测和数值模拟。本文主要采取数值模拟为主，利用现场实测数据来验模拟的可靠性。数值模拟是以计算流体力学为理论基础，通过求解流体力学和传热学方程组，，用计算机图形技术形象直观地描述空间流场的物理参数（风速、温度等）。数值模拟的优点在于经济性好、预见性强、工作量小。 经数值模拟及现场实测数据对比得出以下结论：夏季情况下，各建筑朝向均处于当地主导朝向范围内，基本呈南北向，有利于空气流通；但是在夏季主导风向情况下，随着太阳辐射的增强，建筑区域内最容易出现局部涡流的问题。因此在建筑规划中应当注意容易出现局部热环境问题的区域，进行局部处理；冬季情况有绿化的情况下，在楼层高大约15米左右的范围内温度变化比较均匀；而在考虑冬季绿色植被凋零的情况下，在楼层大约0 29米的范围内，建筑表面基本都处在温度较低的状态，温度相差1 2℃。而在高层范围内，墙体温度主要取决于太阳辐射强度，与下垫面绿化植被无关。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the city, the rapid increase of urban population has also caused the expansion of housing demand. Urban land scarcity forces buildings to fill the gap by developing high-rise housing. This blowout trend also leads to a lot of problems, mainly reflected in the increase of building energy consumption and the decrease of comfortableness. Our country has a vast territory, and the translatitude of north and south lead to great difference of climate characteristics. At present, in the outdoor thermal environment research, most scholars focus on the northern cold and cold areas with heating demand, but the research on the summer and winter environment adjustment is relatively less difficult in hot summer and cold winter areas. In the current research of outdoor thermal environment, the main concern is to analyze the influence factors of residential outdoor thermal environment, and not to reveal quantitatively the distribution law of outdoor thermal environment in different architectural distribution forms from three-dimensional space scale. Furthermore, the study of outdoor thermal environment focuses on a single building group, which lacks the pertinence to a certain area and is not good for reference; it ignores the problem of strong sense of outdoor air blowing that may occur in outdoor environment in winter. In this paper, the representative high-rise residential district in hot summer and cold winter area is selected to reveal the distribution law of outdoor thermal environment in different building layout of residential area from three-dimensional space scale, and the method of single building as research object is abandoned. Turn to the representative of the typical form of housing to begin with the study. The outdoor thermal environment in winter is studied and analyzed according to the different factors (mainly green rate) between winter and summer, which only focus on the outdoor thermal environment in summer. The purpose of this paper is to find the relevant commonalities in the course of the research based on the particularity research. The simulation stage is divided into summer stage and winter stage according to the climate characteristics. The thermal environment is simulated by considering two factors: flow field and temperature field. At present, the main research methods for outdoor thermal environment are: model test, field measurement and numerical simulation. In this paper, numerical simulation is mainly used, and the reliability of the simulation is verified by the field measured data. Numerical simulation is based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics. By solving the equations of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, the physical parameters (wind speed, temperature, etc.) of space flow field are described visually by computer graphics technology. The advantages of numerical simulation are good economy, high predictability and small workload. Through the comparison of numerical simulation and field measured data, the following conclusions are drawn: in summer, all the building orientations are within the range of local dominant orientation, which is basically north-south, which is beneficial to air circulation, but in the case of dominant wind direction in summer, With the increase of solar radiation, the problem of local eddy current is most likely to occur in the building area. Therefore, in building planning, attention should be paid to the areas prone to local thermal environmental problems, and local treatment should be carried out. In the case of greening in winter, the temperature changes are more uniform in the range of about 15 meters above the floor. In the case of green vegetation withering in winter, the building surface is basically in a low temperature state with a temperature difference of 1 ~ 2 鈩

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