自清洁透水砖关键技术和工艺的研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 12:04

  本文选题：自清洁透水砖 + 纳米TiO_2粉体　； 参考：《大连工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年,随着城市化进程的推进,但是也加重了对环境的影响。各国面临着水资源短缺、热岛效应等问题,为了解决这些问题,世界各国的共同的目标就是开始建设“生态城市”。最近几年城市内涝现象频发,都是由于城市中的不透水路面未能及时将雨水深入到地下。而普通透水砖容易出现雨水堵塞住孔隙的现象,因此,自清洁透水砖的制备势在必行。 本论文的关键技术及工艺是决定制备自清洁透水砖的可行性,因此选择透水砖的各原料质量比、成型压力的控制、烧结温度的选择及保温时间；制备纳米TiO2前驱体的原料浓度、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂的选择、反应时间等是本次实验的主要工艺,制备自清洁透水砖的过程中的制备方法、二次煅烧温度等是本次实验的关键技术。 本文参照CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元相图,以粉煤灰为主要原料,糖滤泥、处理过的熟污泥为成孔剂,硅藻土为粘结剂,脱硫石膏、废陶瓷为骨料,废玻璃为助熔剂制备透水砖。以微乳液法制备纳米Ti02前驱体,采用负压法将纳米Ti02前驱体负载到透水砖的孔隙中,经过二次煅烧使Ti02前驱体形成锐钛矿型纳米Ti02负载到孔隙里,从而制备出具有光催化降解性能的自清洁透水砖。通过孔径分布及比表面积分析仪、XRD、SEM、阿基米德原理、万能试验仪等对透水砖的比表面积、显微结构、物相组成、孔隙率、抗折强度等进行了表征。讨论了复合表面活性剂比例、反应物浓度等因素对粉体粒径的影响,最后探讨了自清洁透水砖光催化降解甲基橙溶液的效果。 实验结果表明：粉煤灰为15%,城市熟污泥10%,糖滤泥5%,废陶瓷+废玻璃5%,硅藻土30%,脱硫石膏35%时,成型压力为15MPa,烧结温度为1070℃,保温时间为30min,制得的透水砖的吸水率为43.59%,孔隙率为47.43%,密度为1.09g/cm3,抗折强度为12.09MPa,各项性能均达到JC/T945-2005《透水砖》国家标准。 以复合表面活性剂Span80:Tween40=3:1,Span80为6g, Tween40为2g,油相环己烷40g,助表面活性剂正丁醇5m1,取8m1浓度为3ml/L的NH3H2O,8ml浓度为0.6m1/L的TiCl4溶液,将微乳液体系搅拌5h,陈化12h,在高速离心机中以4000r/min的速度离心10min,沉淀用丙酮洗涤3次,得到前驱体。 采用负压法将前驱体负载到直径为2.5cm的圆形透水砖样品中,二次煅烧为450℃,生成锐钛矿型纳米Ti02负载在透水砖孔隙中,之后对50mL浓度为20mg/L甲基橙进行光催化降解实验,光照时间为100min。得到具有良好光催化性能的自清洁透水砖。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the progress of urbanization, but also aggravated the impact on the environment. In order to solve the problems of water shortage and heat island effect, the common goal of all countries in the world is to start building "ecological city". In recent years, urban waterlogging has occurred frequently due to the watertight pavement in the city which fails to penetrate Rain Water underground in time. The common permeable brick is prone to the phenomenon of Rain Water blocking the pore, therefore, the preparation of self-cleaning permeable brick is imperative. The key technology and process of this paper is to determine the feasibility of preparing self-cleaning permeable brick. Therefore, the raw material mass ratio, the control of molding pressure, the selection of sintering temperature and holding time, the concentration of raw material for preparing nanometer TiO2 precursor are selected. The selection of surfactant, cosurfactant and reaction time are the main process of this experiment. The preparation method of self-cleaning permeable brick is the key technology of this experiment, and the second calcination temperature is the key technology in this experiment. According to the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary phase diagram, the permeable brick was prepared from fly ash as main raw material, sugar filter mud, cooked sludge treated as pore-forming agent, diatomite as binder, desulphurized gypsum, waste ceramics as aggregate and waste glass as flux. Nanometer Ti02 precursor was prepared by microemulsion method. Nanometer Ti02 precursor was loaded into the pore of permeable brick by negative pressure method. After secondary calcination, Ti02 precursor formed anatase nanometer Ti02 loaded into pore. Thus, self-cleaning permeable brick with photocatalytic degradation property was prepared. The specific surface area, microstructure, phase composition, porosity and flexural strength of permeable brick were characterized by pore size distribution and specific surface area analyzer, Archimedes principle and universal tester. The effects of the ratio of composite surfactants and the concentration of reactants on the particle size of the powder were discussed. Finally, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange solution by self-cleaning permeable brick was discussed. The experimental results show that when fly ash is 15, municipal sludge is 10, sugar filter is 5, waste ceramic glass is 5, diatomite is 30, desulphurized gypsum is 35, forming pressure is 15 MPA, sintering temperature is 1070 鈩，

本文编号：1919113