中东铁路建筑石材构筑形态特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 16:05

本文选题：中东铁路 + 石材　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：19世纪末期，随着中东铁路的修建，在这条绵延2500多公里的沿线上留下了数量众多、形式多样，集聚异域风情，并且具有很高建筑艺术价值的历史建筑。其中石材作为中东铁路早期近代建筑的重要建筑材料，广泛应用于中东铁路沿线各类建筑中，集中反映了时代背景下的地域建筑文化特征。本文主要以中东铁路建筑的石材构筑形态为研究对象，采用田野调研法与实例分析法，侧重对于石材在历史建筑外部上的形态表征和构成方式的解析，从而丰富中东铁路建筑形态研究分支，为以后相关历史建筑的保护作出参考价值。本文研究内容首先从中东铁路建筑石材的特性出发，，在这些历史建筑中，总结出中东铁路建筑石材所特有的三个特征，主要包括就地取材性、形态多样性以及用途广泛性。通过分析在沿线特殊的地理地形等自然条件下，建筑石材取材、种类选择影响因素，以及从而产生的建筑石构单体表现形态和在这些综合因素影响下的不同种类、形态石材针对不同建筑类型、部位的应用，进而阐释特殊时代背景下赋予中东铁路建筑石材的独有特性。石材作为沿线重要的建筑材料，以不同的功能形态作为石构件，应用于沿线建筑各类部位中。根据石构件功能类型的不同主要分为承重功能石构件、围护功能石构件、装饰功能石构件及其他功能性石构件四种。从各个类型石构件的外部表征探究中东铁路建筑石材构筑技术和地域建筑文化特征。本文通过对中东铁路沿线调研走访，对于大量且丰富的建筑石构件类型进行分类及测绘，将数据予以整合，进一步阐述中东铁路建筑石构件功能类型及形态。中东铁路建筑中不仅呈现出多样的石构件形态，还因不同种类、形态的石材以不同的构筑方式形成丰富的墙体构筑形态。在沿线建筑石质墙体主要包括两种形态，即完全由石材砌筑的墙体形态和石材与砖相互搭配砌筑的墙体形态。本文对石材自身或与其他材料的组合中存在的构筑规律进行探讨，更深层次的研究中东铁路建筑石材构筑技术及形态特征。总之，文章通过对中东铁路沿线建筑石材的多种构筑方式进行解析，剖析当时石构技术的多种形态和砌筑特点,从材料和技术角度展现特殊的时代背景特征，揭示中东铁路沿线近代建筑的石材形态特征和建筑艺术特色。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century, with the construction of the Middle East railway, a large number of historical buildings with high architectural artistic value were left along the route extending over 2500 kilometers, with various forms and exotic customs. Stone, as an important building material in the early modern construction of the Middle East Railway, is widely used in all kinds of buildings along the Middle East Railway, reflecting the cultural characteristics of regional architecture under the background of the times. This article mainly takes the stone construction form of the Middle East railway building as the research object, adopts the field investigation method and the example analysis method, emphasizes the analysis of the form representation and the constitution way of the stone material on the exterior of the historical building. In order to enrich the Middle East railway architectural form research branch, for the protection of historical buildings in the future to make reference value. Starting from the characteristics of Middle East Railway Building Stone, this paper summarizes three unique characteristics of Middle East Railway Building Stone, including local material selection, morphological diversity and wide use. Based on the analysis of the natural conditions such as the special geography and topography along the route, the selection of building stone materials, the factors affecting the selection of types, and the form of architectural stone monomers and the different types under the influence of these comprehensive factors are analyzed. According to the application of different building types and parts, this paper explains the unique characteristics of the Middle East railway building stone under the special background of the times. Stone, as an important building material along the line, is used in various parts of buildings along the route with different function forms as stone components. According to the different functional types of stone components, there are four kinds of functional stone components: load-bearing functional stone, enclosing functional stone, decorative functional stone and other functional stone components. From the external representation of various types of stone components, this paper probes into the construction technology and regional architectural culture characteristics of Middle East railway building stone. Based on the investigation and visit along the Middle East Railway, this paper classifies and maps a large number of abundant building stone component types, integrates the data, and further expounds the functional types and forms of the Middle East railway building stone components. The Middle East railway architecture not only presents various forms of stone components, but also forms rich wall structures in different ways because of different types and forms of stone. There are two main forms in the construction of stone wall along the route, that is, the form of wall built entirely by stone and the form of wall which is built with stone and brick. In this paper, the construction law of stone itself or combination with other materials is discussed, and the construction technology and morphological characteristics of Middle East railway building stone are further studied. In a word, by analyzing the various construction methods of the stone materials along the Middle East Railway, the paper analyzes the various forms and masonry characteristics of the stone structure technology at that time, and shows the special background characteristics of the times from the perspective of materials and technology. Reveal the stone shape characteristics and architectural art features of modern architecture along the Middle East railway.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU-86

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