福建土楼夯土墙材料耐水性能试验研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 19:44

本文选题：土楼 + 夯土　；参考：《华侨大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：世界文化.遗产福建土楼.地处中国东南沿海地区。由于土楼特殊.的地理位置，致使其频繁遭.受台风和极端.天气袭击。每年台风.登陆时，狂风夹杂着.暴雨常常侵蚀.危害着土楼建筑.，土楼夯土.墙体的风驱雨.冲击侵蚀.已成为土楼.建筑的主要.损坏形式。因此，作为世界文化.遗产福建.土楼的保护.迫在眉睫。作者在实地.调研土楼破坏.的基础上.，提出了采用.试验方法.研究分析土楼.夯土墙体在.风驱雨作用下.的损伤机理.及侵蚀量影响.因素.，为以后土楼.在此方面的.保护提供一定.的实用参考价值。本文首先对福建永定几个典型年代土楼夯土墙体的土质做了土工实验，测出了各土楼夯土土质的密度、含水率、颗粒组成、液、塑限及其力学特性。研究了不同夯土土体的组成、分类及基本性质，以期为后面夯土风驱雨侵蚀破坏机理和侵蚀量变化规律及影响因素的分析做基础。通过不同直径单雨滴对福建永定土楼夯土块的溅蚀试验，研究不同雨滴直径、不同坡度（风速-定性）、不同组成土对夯土墙体溅蚀破坏的影响，试验结果表明：同一直径雨滴对夯土溅蚀时存在一个最佳风速V0，当风速大于或小于V0时，侵蚀量都减小；一次降雨中，存在一个最佳雨滴直径D0，此直径与降雨时的风速有关；不同组成的夯土溅蚀量不同，含粗颗粒的粉质粘土在风驱雨侵蚀时破坏最严重，，不含粗颗粒的粉质粘土次之，高液限粘土最小。此外，进一步分析了单雨滴对夯土材料的溅蚀机理，并得出天然雨强与夯土材料溅蚀深度的关系曲线及回归方程，不同夯土回归方程不同，通过拟合函数可以由雨强直接得出相应夯土材料溅蚀量。通过人工模拟降雨装置模拟实际降雨试验，考虑多雨滴及冲刷综合作用，研究不同夯土墙体在不同坡度、不同雨强下的侵蚀破坏程度及影响因素，得出实际风驱雨对土楼墙体侵蚀的破坏特征及影响因素。具体的规律：坡度对侵蚀量的影响表现为存在一个峰值坡度，土质和雨强一定时，在此坡度下侵蚀量最大，但是不同夯土及不同雨强下，峰值坡度不同；由于降雨在墙面引起的水膜对雨滴荷载的缓冲作用，导致夯土在风驱雨作用下的侵蚀量并不是随着雨强的增大而增大；由于不同夯土本身性质的不同，使得其在风驱雨作用下表现出不同的破坏形态，其中HT2破坏最大，HT3次之，HT1破坏最小。
[Abstract]:World culture Heritage Fujian Tulou. It is located in the southeast coastal area of China. Because of the special earth building. Because of its geographical location, it suffered frequently. Suffering from typhoons and extremes. The weather was stormy. Typhoon every year. The strong wind mingled with the landing. Rainstorms often erode. Endangers the earth building. The wind on the wall drives rain. Impact erosion It has become an earthen building. The mainstay of architecture. Form of damage. Therefore, as world culture. Heritage Fujian. The protection of earthen buildings. Imminent. The author is in the field. To investigate the destruction of earth buildings. On the basis of. Test methods Research and analysis of earth building. Rammed earth wall. Under the action of wind and rain. The mechanism of damage. And the effect of erosion amount. Factor, for the future earth building. In this respect. Protection provides a certain amount. The practical reference value of. In this paper, the soil quality of rammed earth wall in several typical years of Yongding, Fujian Province, is first tested, and the density, moisture content, particle composition, liquid, plastic limit and mechanical properties of the rammed soil in each soil building are measured. The composition, classification and basic properties of different rammed soils are studied in order to provide a basis for the analysis of wind drive rain erosion failure mechanism, erosion quantity variation law and influencing factors of the rammed soil. The effects of different raindrop diameters on the splash erosion of rammed soil block of Yongding earth building in Fujian Province were studied by using single raindrop with different diameters and different slopes (wind speed qualitative soil and different composition soil). The experimental results show that there is an optimum wind speed V _ 0 when the same diameter raindrop is splattered on the rammed soil, and when the wind speed is greater than or less than V _ 0, the erosion amount decreases, and there is an optimum raindrop diameter D _ 0 in a single rainfall, which is related to the wind speed during rainfall. The splattering amount of rammed soil with different composition is different. The silty clay with coarse particles is the most seriously damaged by wind driving rain, the silty clay with no coarse particle is the second, the clay with high liquid limit is the least. In addition, the splashing mechanism of single raindrop on rammed soil material is further analyzed, and the relation curve and regression equation between natural rain intensity and splash depth of rammed soil material are obtained. The regression equations of different rammed soil are different. According to the fitting function, the splash amount of rammed soil can be obtained directly from the rain intensity. Through simulating the actual rainfall experiment with artificial rainfall simulation device, considering the comprehensive action of multi-raindrop and scour, the erosion damage degree and influence factors of different rammed soil wall under different slope and different rain intensity are studied. The damage characteristics and influencing factors of actual wind driving rain on soil building wall erosion are obtained. The concrete law: the influence of slope on erosion amount is that there is a peak slope, when the soil quality and rain intensity is fixed, the erosion amount is the largest at this slope, but the peak slope is different under different rammed soil and different rain intensity; Because of the buffer effect of rain film on raindrop load caused by rainfall on the wall, the erosion amount of rammed soil under the action of wind driving rain does not increase with the increase of rain intensity. It shows different failure patterns under the action of wind and rain, among which HT2 damage is the biggest and HT3 is the second and HT1 damage is the least.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU521

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