公众聚集场所火灾风险评估与控制对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 11:06

本文选题：公众聚集场所 + 火灾风险　；参考：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，我国的城市化发展非常迅速，这也导致了现在很多城市的人口数量和建筑密度都很大。作为城市的主要建筑场所——公众聚集场所，它的空间巨大，可燃物多，功能多样，人员基数多且群体复杂，潜在危险源多，如果发生火灾，而在相关的消防管理和应急处置方面救援不当，，将会演变成一场严重的灾难，后果影响范围极大。当今，我们身边也发生着各种各样的火灾事故，那么应该怎样对公众聚集场所进行科学、合理的火灾风险评估，为火灾的预防与控制提供有效的依据，对这个问题的探讨是一个有意义的方向。本文通过对大量公众聚集场所充分调查与分析，寻找对公众聚集场所的火灾产生影响的因素，建立火灾风险评估指标体系，确定各指标的权重并将其进行定量化，最终构建起火灾风险评估的数学模型，对公众聚集场所进行量化评估，得出消防安全评估结论，从而根据公众聚集场所的特点提出科学、合理、可行的控制对策。本文的研究内容如下：（1）建立适用于公共聚集场所的火灾安全性评估方法。在研究大量先关的资料基础之上，总结目前的公众聚集场所火灾风险评价的研究现状，以此作为本问的研究路线，贯穿全文。（2）建立公众聚集场所火灾风险评估指标的体系。对公众聚集场所火灾风险管理现状进行分析，从问题出发，寻找风险评估的影响因素与作用机理，构建公众聚集场所的评估指标体系。（3）构建公众聚集场所火灾风险评估的数学模型，并进行实例分析。在公众聚集场所火灾风险评估指标体系的基础上，建立风险评估的数学模型，通过对专家评语的模糊评价与证据化处理，确定风险评估等级。同时，以常德市鼎城区桥南大市场特大火灾事故调研和分析所获的数据和资料为基础，结合本文所构建的指标及模型进行实例演算与分析，从而验证本文提出的风险评估方法的可行性与合理性。（4）通过管理的创新，完善公众聚集场所火灾风险的控制对策。通过从制度、监督模式、加强中介机构的参与性等不同角度来补充对策的完整性，最终为公共聚集场所的消防安全管理提供参考和依据。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's urbanization has developed very rapidly, which has led to the population and building density of many cities are very large. As the main building site of the city, the public gathering place, it has a huge space, many combustible materials, various functions, a large number of people and a complex group, and there are many potential hazards, if there is a fire, However, improper rescue in related fire management and emergency management will turn into a serious disaster, and the consequences will have a great impact. Nowadays, there are a variety of fire accidents around us, so how to carry out scientific and reasonable fire risk assessment in public gathering places to provide effective basis for fire prevention and control, The discussion of this problem is a meaningful direction. Through the investigation and analysis of a large number of public gathering places, this paper finds out the factors that affect the fire in the public gathering places, and establishes the fire risk assessment index system. Finally, the mathematical model of fire risk assessment is constructed, and the quantitative evaluation of public gathering place is carried out, and the conclusion of fire safety assessment is obtained, which is scientific according to the characteristics of public gathering place. Reasonable and feasible control countermeasures. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) establishing a fire safety assessment method for public gathering places. On the basis of studying a large number of related data, this paper summarizes the present research status of fire risk assessment in public gathering sites, which is taken as the research route of this question and runs through the full text. 2) establishing the fire risk assessment index system of public gathering sites. Based on the analysis of the present situation of fire risk management in public gathering places, this paper tries to find out the influencing factors and mechanism of risk assessment from the point of view of the problems. The mathematical model of fire risk assessment in public gathering place is constructed, and an example is analyzed. Based on the index system of fire risk assessment in public gathering place, the mathematical model of risk assessment is established, and the grade of risk assessment is determined by fuzzy evaluation and evidential treatment of expert evaluation. At the same time, based on the data and data obtained from the investigation and analysis of the catastrophic fire accident in Qiongnan Market in Dingcheng District, Changde City, combined with the indexes and models constructed in this paper, the examples are calculated and analyzed. Therefore, the feasibility and rationality of the risk assessment method proposed in this paper are verified. 4) through the innovation of management, the control countermeasures of fire risk in public gathering place are improved. The integrality of the countermeasures can be supplemented from different angles such as system, supervision mode, and the participation of intermediary organizations, so as to provide a reference and basis for the fire safety management of public gathering places.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU998.1

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