Glubam材料的性能研究与应用

发布时间：2018-06-13 14:27

本文选题：现代竹结构 + 胶合竹材　；参考：《湖南大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：随着全球工业化的发展，人类赖以生存的自然环境遭受到了严重的破坏。其中，建筑行业的发展对自然环境的影响不可忽视。钢筋水泥等建筑材料的生产和应用都对自然环境造成了不小的负担。全球植被覆盖面积日益减少，森林资源被侵蚀，气候环境日益恶劣。在这样的大背景之下，人类对绿色建筑的需求日益迫切。绿色建筑需要我们发展绿色建筑材料，采用绿色的建造方法以及运营和维护体系。本文即从绿色材料的角度，，以一种新型的竹材复合材料——Glubam为对象，对其环保性能、力学性能以及应用等方面进行研究。首先，文章对现代竹结构的概念进行了简单介绍。现代竹结构是在现代木结构、钢结构等结构形式基础上发展出来的一种新兴结构体系。现代竹结构所采用的主要建筑材料为胶合竹材。而Glubam材料是胶合竹材中一种典型的材料。作者对其在我国的发展概况、生产、应用及未来发展进行了阐述。然而，Glubam只是胶合竹材的一种。为了对目前存在的胶合竹材有更全面的了解，且体现Glubam材料的特点，在第二章中作者对目前在研究和生产领域出现的胶合竹材进行了分类介绍，包括其材料特点、研究和应用情况等。其次，作为一种新型建筑材料，Glubam的环保性能是研究的一个重要方面。本文通过对湖南炎陵县一家胶合竹材生产企业的调研，获得了从原材料获取到生产、加工、运输方面的数据信息。并以调研企业为例，对胶合竹材的综合生产能耗和二氧化碳排放系数进行了计算、分析。调查和分析结果表明，该厂生产的胶合竹材综合能耗和二氧化碳排放系数与其他建筑材料相比具有明显的优势。最后，以一座Glubam人行桥为例，比较了对应的胶合木、钢材、钢筋混凝土人行桥建造的能量消耗与碳排放，进一步体现了Glubam作为建筑材料在环保方面的优越性。同时，作者对目前胶合竹材生产中存在的弊端和未来的发展方向给出了建议。在第四章中，作者对Glubam胶合竹材的基本力学进行了试验研究和分析，包括抗拉强度，抗压强度，抗弯强度、抗剪强度以及弹性模量等。由于Glubam胶合竹材是一种具有双向纤维分布的正交各向异性材料，所以在板材纵向和横向都进行了试验。通过对试验数据的分析和与木材、木基复合材料以及其他胶合竹材的对比，表明Glubam是一种具有良好的力学性能的竹材复合材料，完全能够应用于建筑结构领域。再次，在对Glubam基本力学性能研究的基础上，综合目前木材本构关系的相关研究成果，得出了较适合于Glubam材料的应力应变关系。然后，根据试验的结果，以及调整后的容许应力折减系数，得出了Glubam的容许设计应力，并与几种结构复合木材进行了对比。对比表明Glubam力学参数与其他木材复合材料相当甚至更优。最后，在木结构极限状态设计法的基础上，对Glubam清材小试样强度标准值进行了调整，得到了其极限强度设计的建议值。第五章在Glubam材料偏轴试验的基础上，对其进行了破坏分析。为了对Glubam胶合竹材在偏轴受力情况下的力学性能进行研究，文章对纵横向纤维比为4:1的典型Glubam材料进行了偏轴试验研究。作者根据实验数据，并基于4:1Glubam胶合板双向纤维分布的特性，在一系列假定的基础上得到了改进的汉金森公式。它能够更好地预测4:1Glubam板材在偏轴抗拉条件下的强度。针对Glubam胶合竹材的双向受力性能，作者应用蔡吴失效理论对其进行了分析，并得到了对应的破坏包络线。与试验值对比，发现由于Glubam双向纤维分布的特点，在偏轴方向的试验点均处于包络线的内部。因此作者给出了近似方法来获得双向纤维分布的Glubam材料破坏包络线。最后，从层叠复合材料的角度，应用经典层合板理论对Glubam的层叠特性进行了分析。第六章对胶合竹材单螺栓连接进行了试验研究，结果表明顺纹试件具有较高的承载力且延性较好，且随着试件端距和边距的不断增加，承载力基本呈逐渐上升的趋势。随后对试件受力进行了理论分析和有限元分析。理论分析和有限元分析都表明，当边距和端距较小时，螺栓孔侧面板材所提供的刚度不足，容易由于应变过大而引起试件破坏；随着端距的不断增大，螺栓孔承载能力明显增强，但是边距的增大对承载能力提高的规律不是很明显。综合上述的Glubam构造特点、环保性能、力学性能、破坏性能以及螺栓连接等方面的分析，本文认为Glubam是一种能够被广泛地应用于建筑结构中绿色环保材料，在设计、加工、应用方面有待进一步提升但具有较大潜力。本文所提到的一些研究方法、试验方法以及所得的数据基本可靠，可以为相关规范的编制及工程应用等提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the development of global industrialization, the natural environment for human existence has been seriously damaged. Among them, the impact of the development of the construction industry on the natural environment can not be ignored. The production and application of reinforced concrete and other building materials have caused no small burden on the natural environment. In this context, the demand for green building is increasingly urgent. Green building requires us to develop green building materials, use green construction methods and operation and maintenance systems. This article is based on the green material, a new type of bamboo composite material, Glubam. Its environmental properties, mechanical properties and applications were studied.
First, the article briefly introduces the concept of modern bamboo structure. The modern bamboo structure is a new structural system developed on the basis of modern wood structure, steel structure and other structural forms. The main building materials used in modern bamboo structure are glued bamboo. The Glubam material is a typical material in the glued bamboo material. Its development, production, application and future development in China are expounded.
However, Glubam is only one kind of glued bamboo. In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the existing glued bamboo and reflect the characteristics of Glubam material, in the second chapter, the author classifies the glued bamboo that appeared in the field of research and production, including its material point, research and application.
Secondly, as a new type of building material, the environmental protection performance of Glubam is an important aspect of research. Through the investigation of a glued bamboo production enterprise in Yanling County, Hunan, this paper obtains data information from raw material acquisition to production, processing and transportation. The comprehensive production energy consumption and two of the glued bamboo are taken as an example. The carbon dioxide emission coefficient was calculated and analyzed. The results of investigation and analysis showed that the comprehensive energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission coefficient of the glued bamboo produced by the plant had obvious advantages compared with other building materials. Finally, a Glubam pedestrian bridge was taken as an example to compare the energy of the corresponding glued wood, steel and reinforced concrete pedestrian bridge. Consumption and carbon emissions further reflect the advantages of Glubam as a building material in environmental protection. At the same time, the author gives some suggestions on the disadvantages and future development direction of the production of glued bamboo.
In the fourth chapter, the author studied and analyzed the basic mechanics of Glubam glued bamboo, including tensile strength, compressive strength, bending strength, shear strength and modulus of elasticity. Since Glubam glued bamboo is a kind of orthogonal anisotropic material with two-way fiber distribution, the longitudinal and transverse tests of the sheet are carried out. Analysis of experimental data and comparison with wood, wood based composites and other glued bamboo shows that Glubam is a kind of bamboo composite with good mechanical properties and can be applied to the field of architecture. Thirdly, based on the study of basic mechanical properties of Glubam, the present constitutive relation of wood is integrated. According to the relevant research results, the stress-strain relationship suitable for Glubam materials is obtained. Then, according to the results of the test and the adjusted allowable stress reduction coefficient, the allowable design stress of Glubam is obtained, and the comparison with several kinds of composite wood is made. The comparison shows that the mechanical parameters of Glubam are equal to that of other wood composites. In the end, on the basis of the design method of the limit state of wood structure, the standard value of the strength of the Glubam small sample is adjusted, and the recommended value of the ultimate strength design is obtained.
In the fifth chapter, on the basis of the partial axial test of the Glubam material, the failure analysis was carried out. In order to study the mechanical properties of the Glubam glued bamboo under the force of the eccentric axis, the paper carried out the axial test study on the typical Glubam material with longitudinal and transverse fiber ratio of 4:1. The author based on the experimental data and based on the 4:1Glubam plywood bi-directional fiber. The characteristics of the dimensional distribution are improved on the basis of a series of assumptions. It can better predict the strength of the 4:1Glubam plate under the partial axial tension. In view of the bi-directional force performance of the Glubam glued bamboo, the author uses the Cai Wu failure theory to analyze it and obtains the corresponding damage envelope. In contrast, it is found that due to the characteristics of the Glubam bi-directional fiber distribution, the test points in the skew direction are all inside the envelope. Therefore, the author gives an approximate method to obtain the damage envelope of the Glubam material with two-way fiber distribution. Finally, from the angle of the laminated composite material, the laminated properties of the Glubam should be used by the classical laminate theory. The analysis was done.
The sixth chapter carries out an experimental study on the single bolt connection of glued bamboo. The results show that the CIS specimen has higher bearing capacity and better ductility, and with the increase of the end distance and the margin of the specimen, the bearing capacity is gradually increasing. Then the stress of the specimen is analyzed theoretically and finite element analysis. Theoretical analysis and finite element analysis are carried out. The analysis shows that when the margin and end distance are small, the rigidity of the bolt hole side panel is insufficient and the strain is too large to cause damage. With the increase of the end distance, the bearing capacity of the bolt hole is obviously enhanced, but the increase of the margin is not obvious to the regulation of the bearing capacity.
In this paper, the Glubam structure features, environmental performance, mechanical properties, destructive properties and bolt connection are analyzed. This paper considers that Glubam is a green environmental material which can be widely used in architectural structure, and has great potential in design, processing and application. Some studies mentioned in this paper The method, the test method and the data obtained are basically reliable, which can provide reference for the compilation of relevant specifications and engineering application.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU531.3

【参考文献】