昆明泛亚城市湿地公园植物多样性研究及植物景观分析

发布时间：2018-06-22 15:39

本文选题：城市湿地 + 植物多样性　；参考：《华中农业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市湿地已逐步成为城市生态系统中较为重要的组成部分,对于维护城市间生态系统平衡,改善城市的生态环境,保护城市生物多样性有着极其重要的作用。城市湿地公园是城市湿地生态系统的具体表现形式之一,具有旅游、休闲、游览、科普和教育的功能,是最能体现城市湿地的价值。在城市湿地公园的景观构建中,植物是主要要素之一,湿地植物种类的多样性、数量的多样性以及配置质量直接关系到城市湿地公园的整体景观质量。湿地植物作为湿地公园的重要组成成分,是城市湿地系统的关键属性之一,其结构、功能和生态特性以及多样性也能反映城市湿地公园植物生态景观的特性。本研究在对城市湿地公园植物多样性调查分析的基础上,分区域对整个湿地公园的植物景观做出评价,并对后期湿地公园建设提出分析建议。研究结果如下： 1昆明泛亚城市湿地公园公园共有维管束植物233种(含13变种和1变型),隶属于77科165属,其中有蕨类植物共计5科5属5种；种子植物共计72科160属228种。种子植物中,裸子植物共计3科4属4种,被子植物共计69科156属224种。被子植物中,单子叶植物25科68属115种,双子叶植物44科88属109种。 2昆明泛亚城市湿地公园中,禾本科所含属数最多,共17属；其次是菊科、莎草科、豆科、天南星科、玄参科、唇形科和百合科,共计42属。以上8科在此湿地植物区系中占有重要位置。 3昆明泛亚城市湿地公园植物各分布类型中,热带型的属共计66属,比例最大；属于温带型的属共计46属。热带型属数与温带型属数之比约为1：0.70,这与昆明地处亚热带温度带的墨西哥气候型相符合,有一定的植物地带性特点,泛热带分布类型所占总属数比例最大,也说明昆明植物具有一定的过渡性。 4昆明泛亚城市湿地公园维管束植物中,草本植物占有绝对优势,包括多年生草本、一年生草本和水生草本共计189种,其中,多年生草本植物最多,有86种,占总种数三分之一以上；其次为水生草本植物和一年生草本植物,分别有63种和40种；乔木、灌木种数相差不大,分别有17种和18种；半灌木和小半灌木植物最少,仅有4种。 5昆明泛亚城市湿地公园各区域由于观赏功能不同,各植物多样性指标存在差异。湿地公园入口区域,其植物种类较少,分布均匀,呈现出植物丰富度、多样性较小,均匀度较大的现象；湿地公园重点观赏区域,其植物种类较丰富,分布集中,呈现出植物丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数达到中高水平的现象；湿地公园接近出口区域,相对于入口区域,其各多样性指标较大,但仍处于中低水平。 6昆明泛亚城市湿地公园在植物景观营造上个别特点突出,整体存在差异。主要表现为观赏重点区域突出、出入口景观营造不足、水面景观营造差异较显著、有成片单一种植物景观、注重色彩在植物景观中的应用等特点。
[Abstract]:Urban wetland has gradually become an important part of urban ecosystem, which plays an extremely important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystem between cities, improving the ecological environment of the city and protecting the biodiversity of the city. Urban Wetland Park is one of the concrete forms of urban wetland ecosystem. It has the functions of tourism, leisure, tourism, science popularization and education. It is the most effective way to embody the value of urban wetland. In the landscape construction of urban wetland park, plant is one of the main elements. The diversity of wetland plant species, quantity diversity and allocation quality are directly related to the overall landscape quality of urban wetland park. As an important component of wetland park, wetland plant is one of the key attributes of urban wetland system. Its structure, function, ecological characteristics and diversity can also reflect the characteristics of plant ecological landscape in urban wetland park. Based on the investigation and analysis of plant diversity in urban wetland park, the plant landscape of the whole wetland park was evaluated in different regions, and some suggestions were put forward for the construction of wetland park in the later period. The results are as follows: (1) there are 233 species of vascular plants (including 13 varieties and 1 form) belonging to 165 genera of 77 families, including 5 families, 5 genera and 5 species of pteridophytes; There are 228 species of seed plants belonging to 160 genera and 72 families. Among the seed plants, there are 3 families, 4 genera and 4 species of gymnosperms and 224 species of angiosperms belonging to 156 genera and 69 families. Among the angiosperms, there are 115 monocotyledonous plants belonging to 25 families, 68 genera, and 109 dicotyledonous plants belonging to 88 genera and 44 families. Alternaceae, Xanthophyllaceae, Labiatae and Liliaceae, a total of 42 genera. The above 8 families occupy an important position in this wetland flora. 3 among the distribution types of plants in Kunming pan-Asian city wetland park, 66 genera belong to tropical type and 46 genera belong to temperate type. The ratio of tropical type genera to temperate type genera is about 1: 0.70, which coincides with the climate pattern of Mexico in Kunming, which is located in the subtropical temperature zone. It has some plant zonation characteristics, and the pantropical distribution type accounts for the largest proportion of the total genera. It also shows that Kunming plants have a certain transition. 4 among the vascular plants in Kunming Pan-Asian Wetland Park, herbaceous plants have an absolute advantage, including perennial herbs, annual herbs and aquatic herbs, of which 189 species, There were 86 species of perennial herbaceous plants, accounting for more than 1/3 species, 63 species of aquatic herbaceous plants and 40 species of annual herbaceous plants, 17 species and 18 species of trees and shrubs, respectively. Subshrubs and subshrubs were the least, with only 4 species. 5 there were differences in plant diversity in different areas of Kunming pan-Asian city wetland park due to different ornamental functions. In the entrance area of Wetland Park, the species of plants are relatively small and distributed evenly, showing the phenomenon of plant richness, small diversity and greater evenness, while in the key ornamental areas of Wetland Park, the species of plants are abundant and concentrated. The plant richness index, diversity index and evenness index reached the middle and high level, the wetland park was close to the exit area, and its diversity index was larger than that in the entrance area. But it is still in the middle and low level. 6 Kunming pan-Asian city wetland park has some outstanding characteristics in plant landscape construction and there are differences on the whole. The main features are the prominent viewing area, the insufficient construction of entrance and exit landscape, the obvious difference of water surface landscape construction, the characteristics of single plant landscape and the application of color in plant landscape.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU986

【参考文献】