建筑和建筑构件空气声隔声测量技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 17:52

本文选题：绿色建筑 + 隔声量　；参考：《华南理工大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：在测量建筑和建筑构件隔声量时，传统声压法存在无法判别漏声路径、受侧向传声影响较大、信噪比低以及低频准确度较低等缺点。声强法作为测量隔声量的另一可选方法，可克服上述缺点，有望为绿色建筑声环境评价提供更方便、更可靠的测量手段。本文从空气声隔声量的测量原理出发，，对建筑和建筑构件的空气声隔声测量做了以下几方面的研究，具体包括： 1．针对隔声测量对激发声源室声场的声源频率响应特性的要求，提出一种利用数字音频处理器对声源进行预均衡的技术，并通过实验证明该方法可得到较为平直的频率响应，满足隔声测量的要求。 2．根据脉冲法测量隔声技术的原理,提出一种通过置换声源室和接收室的测量通道以修正通道响应不一致的方法,并设计实验方案进行验证。实验结果表明该方法在采用多通路测量系统时降低了对测量传声器及其放大设备的要求,在各测量通道的频率特性及灵敏度不一致时,仍可进行隔声测量并能得到可靠的结果。 3．由于声压法和声强法在测量准确度上还存在一定的偏差，而且在不同实验室的偏差估计有所不同，因此我国有必要开展声强法测量空气声隔声量的准确度估计和偏差研究，为声强法测量国家标准提供数据支撑和实验验证。在同一实验室内对四个建筑构件分别采用声强法和声压法进行隔声量测量，并对实验结果进行了准确度估计和偏差原因分析。实验结果显示,声强法与声压法测得的隔声量在整个测量频率范围内基本一致,但在低频段个别频率上存在一定偏差。接收室的低频声场均匀度较差是造成这一偏差的主要原因。从房间模态密度出发，讨论了Waterhouse修正的缩略项和完整项在普通隔声室房间尺寸的差别，可以看出两者在低频范围的差别较大，并不能轻易忽略。因此若采用Waterhouse修正时，建议采用完整项修正。并指出在对声压法和声强法进行比较时，应将声压法的测量结果减去Waterhouse修正项，而非将声强法的测量结果加上Waterhouse修正项，会更符合隔声量的物理意义。 4．通过对Gomperts矩形缝隙隔声量的计算，可以看出，在相同缝隙宽度时，在扩散场中处于中间位置的缝隙隔声量最大，在扩散场中处于边界位置的缝隙隔声量次之，平面入射声场中处于边界位置的缝隙隔声量最小。采用声强法对带有缝隙的门进行隔声量测量，并与理论值对比，可以看出理论值与实验值相符。证明了声强法现场测量隔声量的有效性，可为绿色建筑评价标准提供更好的测量依据。 5.通过对建筑构件进行声强测量，绘出声强等值线图，可以发现隔声薄弱环节。但由于不同频段的声强等值线图体现出来的隔声薄弱环节可能会有所不同，因此在利用声强探测隔声的薄弱环节时，应结合不同段频的声强等值线图进行综合分析，可以更为准确地定位隔声薄弱环节,以便更有针对性地改善建筑和建筑构件的隔声性能。
[Abstract]:In measuring the sound insulation of building and building components, the traditional sound pressure method can not distinguish the sound leakage path, the lateral sound transmission is greatly influenced, the signal to noise ratio is low, and the low frequency accuracy is low. The sound intensity method, as another alternative for measuring the sound insulation, can overcome the above shortcomings, and is expected to provide more convenient and more convenient for green building sound environment evaluation. Based on the measurement principle of sound insulation of air sound, this paper studies the following aspects of sound insulation measurement of building and building components, including:
1. in view of the requirement of sound source frequency response characteristic of sound source field, a technique of using digital audio processor to balance the sound source is proposed. It is proved by experiments that the method can get a more straight frequency response and meet the requirement of sound insulation measurement.
2. according to the principle of measuring sound insulation by pulse method, a method of correcting the inconsistency of channel response by replacing the measurement channel of the sound source chamber and the receiving room is proposed and the experimental scheme is designed. The experimental results show that the method reduces the requirements for the measurement of the microphone and its amplifying equipment when using the multipath measurement system. When the frequency characteristics and sensitivity of each measuring channel are inconsistent, sound insulation can be measured and reliable results can be obtained.
3. there are still some deviations in the accuracy of the sound pressure method and the sound intensity method, and the estimation of the deviation in different laboratories is different. Therefore, it is necessary for us to carry out the sound intensity method to measure the accuracy and the deviation of the sound insulation of the air, and provide data support and experimental verification for the measurement of the national standard by the sound intensity method. The sound intensity method and sound pressure method are used to measure the sound insulation of the four building components, and the accuracy of the experimental results and the cause of the deviation are analyzed. The experimental results show that the sound insulation measured by the sound intensity method and the sound pressure method is basically the same in the range of the whole measurement frequency, but there is a certain deviation in the frequency of the low frequency section. The main reason for this deviation is the poor uniformity of the low frequency sound field in the receiving room. From the mode density of the room, the difference between the abbreviation of the Waterhouse correction and the size of the room in the ordinary sound insulation room is discussed. It can be seen that the difference between the two low frequency range is larger and can not be easily ignored. Therefore, if the Waterhouse correction is used, It is suggested that the complete term correction should be adopted. It is pointed out that when comparing the sound pressure method and the sound intensity method, the Waterhouse correction term should be subtracted from the measurement results of the sound pressure method, instead of adding the Waterhouse correction term to the measurement results of the sound intensity method, it will be more consistent with the physical meaning of the sound insulation.
4. through the calculation of the sound insulation quantity of Gomperts rectangular gap, it can be seen that in the same gap width, the gap in the gap is the largest in the middle position in the diffusion field, the gap in the boundary position in the diffusion field is the second, and the gap in the boundary position in the plane incident sound field is the smallest. The sound insulation of the gap is measured and compared with the theoretical value, it can be seen that the theoretical value is in agreement with the experimental value. It is proved that the sound intensity method is effective for the measurement of sound insulation in the field, and it can provide a better basis for the evaluation of green building.
5. by measuring the sound intensity of the building components and drawing the sound intensity contour map, the weak link of sound insulation can be found. However, the weak link of sound isolation may be different because of the sound intensity contour map of different frequency bands. Therefore, when the weak link of sound isolation is detected by sound intensity, the sound intensity contour map of different segment frequency should be combined. Combined analysis can more accurately locate the sound insulation weaknesses, in order to improve the sound insulation performance of building and building components more specifically.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU112.2

【参考文献】