我国湿热地区传统聚落气候设计策略数值模拟研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 17:44

【摘要】：面对全球性的环境与资源危机,如何应对当今的气候变化,去尽力改变现有建筑活动中的不良行为模式,并深入探索在现代科学技术背景下的人居环境可持续发展模式,已是从事建筑活动的人们所面临的重大课题。作为中华建筑文明重要历史见证的传统聚落,既体现了建筑与自然和谐统一的思想,更凝聚着我国先人的智慧和才华。它们是在顺应自然的基础上,追求建筑与自然环境的和谐统一,所以更能体现可持续发展的环境意识。它们的许多传统规划和设计理念都能在低能耗和环保的前提下去适应自然环境的变化。因此,这些传统聚落可持续的规划和设计经验,将对创造现代绿色人居环境的实践有着深远的指导意义。此博士论文旨在从建筑气候学的角度,探讨湿热地区传统聚落规划层面的气候设计经验。在此课题的基础上,笔者于2012年申请并获得一项名为“湿热地区古村落原真建筑环境数值模拟及其保护、改造策略研究”的国家自然科学基金资助项目(51208511)。本文首先,按照建筑气候学理论,分析总结了“夏热冬暖”的广东、广西、福建地区和“夏热冬冷”的浙江、安徽和湖南等地区传统聚落中行之有效的气候设计策略。然后,再采用计算流体动力学方法(CFD),数值模拟这些湿热地区典型传统聚落的热环境,做到定量、直观地展示传统聚落气候设计策略所取得的良好效果。主要模拟内容： 1.本文第四章,分别对湿热地区“密集”布局型的古村落——湘南上甘棠村和“梳式”布局型的古村落——广东开平锦江里村的热环境进行了三维湍流稳态模拟,以验证选址、布局、山体、水体、植被的降温效果。 2.冷巷是湿热地区最具特色的气候设计策略,故本文第五章以泉州聚宝街112号手巾寮为例,对冷巷的热环境进行了三维非稳态模拟。以上研究工作,较全面地总结介绍了传统聚落的被动降温技术,为当今创建绿色人居环境提供了有益的借鉴。本文主要的创新点在于：采用目前工程学界最为流行的计算流体动力学方法(CFD),对研究对象进行了深入定量的分析,突破了以往对传统聚落环境多以定性分析为主的局限,并且在前人的基础上,研究取得了如下进展：首先,将冷巷热环境的“静态模拟”发展到“三维非稳态模拟”,可动态演绎“冷巷”被动降温的全过程。并使今后冷巷的实际应用提高到一个新的水平。建立了适合于湿热地区传统村落气候设计的三维非稳态模拟模型。其次,建立了实际聚落环境的模拟计算方法,将前人所做“理想聚落环境”数值模拟提升到“实际聚落环境”的模拟计算。为总结我国在传统聚落中积淀下来的与自然和谐共存的策略与经验,提供了新的有效的手段。另外,发展了多孔介质的热环境模拟模型,提高了计算速度,有效地解决了模拟对象规模大所造成的计算容量超大的难题。总之,本文的研究成果表明,数值模拟方法也是研究历史建筑与环境的一个崭新而有效的手段。
[Abstract]:Facing the global environment and resource crisis, how to deal with the current climate change, try to change the bad behavior pattern in the existing building activities, and explore the sustainable development model of human settlements under the background of modern science and technology, has become a major topic for people engaged in architectural activities.
As an important historical witness of Chinese architectural civilization, traditional settlements not only reflect the idea of harmony and unity between architecture and nature, but also agglomerate the wisdom and talent of the ancestors of our country. They are in pursuit of harmony and unity of architecture and natural environment on the basis of nature, so they are more able to realize the environmental consciousness of sustainable development. The concept of unified planning and design can adapt to the changes of natural environment under the premise of low energy consumption and environmental protection. Therefore, the sustainable planning and design experience of these traditional settlements will have far-reaching guiding significance for the practice of creating a modern green living environment.
On the basis of this topic, the author applied for and obtained a National Natural Science Foundation, which was named "the numerical simulation of the real building environment of the ancient villages in the hot and hot areas and the research on the strategy for transformation" on the basis of this topic in 2012. Help project (51208511).
Firstly, according to the theory of architectural climatology, this paper analyses and summarizes the effective climate design strategies of the traditional settlements in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui and Hunan, and then the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate the typical traditions of these hot and humid regions. The thermal environment of settlements can quantitatively and intuitively display the good results achieved by the traditional settlement climate design strategy.
Main simulation content:
1. in the fourth chapter, the three dimensional turbulent steady state simulation of the "dense" layout type of ancient villages in the hot and hot areas - the village of Mantang village in southern Hunan and the "comb type" type of ancient villages - the village of Jinjiang Li in Kaiping, Guangdong, is simulated to verify the cooling effect of the site, the layout, the mountain, the water body and the vegetation.
2. cold lane is the most characteristic climate design strategy in the hot and humid area, so the fifth chapter of this article takes the 112 hand towel squatter in Quanzhou poly street as an example, and carries out the three-dimensional unsteady simulation of the thermal environment of the cold lane.
The above research work summarizes the passive cooling technology of traditional settlements in a more comprehensive way, which provides a useful reference for the creation of green living environment.
The main innovation of this paper is: using the most popular computational fluid dynamics method (CFD) in the field of engineering, the research object is deeply and quantitatively analyzed, which breaks through the previous limitations of the traditional settlement environment with qualitative analysis, and the following progress has been made on the basis of the predecessors:
First, the "static simulation" of the thermal environment of the cold lane is developed to the "three-dimensional unsteady state simulation", which can dynamically deduce the whole process of the cold alley passive cooling, and improve the practical application of the cold alley to a new level in the future. A three-dimensional unsteady model for the climate design of the traditional village in the hot and damp areas is established.
Secondly, the simulation calculation method of the actual settlement environment is established. The simulation calculation of the "ideal settlement environment" numerical simulation made by the predecessors is promoted to the "actual settlement environment". In order to sum up the strategy and experience of the harmonious coexistence with nature in our traditional settlement, the new effective means are provided.
In addition, the thermal environment simulation model of porous media has been developed, which improves the calculation speed and effectively solves the problem of the large calculation capacity caused by the large scale of the simulated object.
In conclusion, the research results in this paper show that numerical simulation is a new and effective way to study historical buildings and environment.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU982.29;TU119

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