北宋洛阳私家园林景题的特色分析

发布时间：2018-07-20 20:54

【摘要】：洛阳自古为名都，北宋为西京，北宋时期文人地位空前提高，王安石变法过程中，，大量的文人名士因政见不和来到洛阳。综合优越的自然、政治、经济、文化、社会条件，文人富商们纷纷在洛阳建园，在这里形成了不输于汴京的私家园林聚集群，其中多数为文人士人园林。私家园林在洛阳这块文化积淀深厚的土地上大放异彩，并呈现出浓重的文人特色。景观题名是园林诸要素中最能体现文人特色的要素之一。聚集于洛阳的文人名士们寄情园林，以题名的形式来表达内心。所以，园林中的题名就成为园林气氛渲染和意境营造的点睛之笔，占据着重要的地位，并且彰显出独特的文人气质。前人对古典园林景题的研究主要针对明清江南私家园林和北京皇家园林，对北宋洛阳园林的研究侧重于造园艺术分析，没有涉及过景题。北宋洛阳园林是洛阳古典园林最后的巅峰和文人园林的全盛，这一时期的景题特色鲜明，是文人园林成熟前期的典型代表。研究这一时期的园林景题，有利于我们深刻理解和传承发展古典园林文化。本文以《洛阳名园记》、《宋史》、《河南志》、《邵氏闻见录》等著作为基础，参考当代研究论文、著作等，结合宋代园林、洛阳园林、文人园林的研究现状，综合园林艺术、文化等背景知识，选取富郑公园、独乐园、湖园等园林实例，从园林创作背景、景题对象、景题内容、造景手法和景题修辞手法、景题风格、景题思想等个方面对各个园林进行分析，研究北宋洛阳私家园林景题在对象、形式、内容、风格方面的特色。文章主要结论有：北宋洛阳私家园林景题对象以园林建筑为主，景题内容以植物、山水、四时之景为主，结合文人自身修养，综合感性思维、理性创作，运用多种修辞（如通感、隐喻、用典等）和造景手法（如主次、借景、夹景、四时之景等），对景题创作内容、风格、艺术手法、表达情趣等分析研究,指出北宋洛阳园林景题的艺术文化特色——文采斐然、意境高妙的浪漫情趣与质朴简约淡然审慎的理性情绪的结合，即理性与趣味的结合。园林景题体现了文人对隐逸和出仕的矛盾之情。因此，本课题将从景题的角度审视文人园林的意境，指出古典园林景题中植物类景题的表达中通感手法和隐喻思想、以及动宾景题结构的指向性等在现代园林中传承和借鉴，挖掘其深厚的文化内涵和精神意蕴。
[Abstract]:Luoyang was the capital since ancient times, and the Northern Song Dynasty was Xijing. In the period of Northern Song Dynasty, the status of literati was improved unprecedentedly. In the process of Wang Anshi reform, a large number of literati came to Luoyang because of discord. Synthesizing the superior natural, political, economic, cultural and social conditions, the literati and rich businessmen set up their gardens in Luoyang one after another, where they formed a gathering group of private gardens which did not lose to Bianjing, most of which were literati gardens. Private gardens in Luoyang this cultural accumulation on the land, and presents a strong literati characteristics. Landscape title is one of the most characteristic elements of landscape architecture. The literati gathered in Luoyang to express their hearts in the form of inscriptions. Therefore, the title in the garden becomes the finishing touch of the garden atmosphere rendering and artistic conception construction, occupies an important position, and shows the unique literati temperament. Previous researches on classical landscape architecture mainly focused on the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the royal gardens in Beijing in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The research on the gardens of Luoyang in the Northern Song Dynasty focused on the analysis of the gardening art, but not on the landscape. Luoyang Garden in Northern Song Dynasty is the last peak of Luoyang classical garden and the flourishing of literati garden. The study of landscape architecture in this period is conducive to our profound understanding and development of classical garden culture. This paper is based on the works such as the Records of famous Garden in Luoyang, the History of Song Dynasty, the Records of Henan Province, the Records of Shao Family, and so on. Referring to the contemporary research papers and works, and combining the current research situation of the gardens of Song Dynasty, Luoyang gardens and literati gardens, this paper synthesizes the garden art. Culture and other background knowledge, selected Fuzheng Park, Park, Lake Garden and other garden examples, from the landscape creation background, landscape object, landscape content, landscape techniques and rhetorical techniques, landscape theme style, This paper studies the characteristics of the private garden of Luoyang in the Northern Song Dynasty in terms of object, form, content and style. The main conclusions are as follows: the object of private landscape in Luoyang in Northern Song Dynasty is landscape architecture, the content of landscape is plant, landscape, 04:00 scene, combined with literati self-cultivation, comprehensive perceptual thinking, rational creation. Using a variety of rhetoric (such as synaesthesia, metaphor, allusions, etc.) and landscaping techniques (such as primary and secondary, borrowing, clipping, 04:00 scene, etc.), the content, style, artistic techniques, expression of interest, etc. It is pointed out that the artistic and cultural characteristics of the landscape theme of Luoyang in the Northern Song Dynasty are the combination of literary style, high artistic conception, romantic interest and simple, simple and prudent rational emotion, that is, the combination of reason and interest. The landscape theme reflects the contradictory feelings of the literati towards seclusion and official service. Therefore, this subject will examine the artistic conception of literati gardens from the angle of landscape problems, and point out that the synaesthetic techniques and metaphorical ideas in the expression of plant landscape problems in the classical landscape problems, as well as the directivity of the structure of verb-object scenes, are passed down and used for reference in modern gardens. Excavate its profound cultural connotation and spiritual connotation.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU986.5

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