基于层次化指标体系的制冷站诊断方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 16:39

【摘要】：中央空调系统制冷站能耗高、问题多，是大型公共建筑节能工作的重点。既有的节能诊断方法多从具体的改造措施出发，缺少对制冷站能耗问题的系统分析、全景审视与定量刻画，造成节能诊断过度依赖专家经验，成本高、可重复性差，且难以完成长期监测。为此，本文研究提出分层次刻画制冷站能耗与效率问题的指标体系。论文首先对制冷站中冷量制备与输配链上各环节的能效损失进行分析。制冷站分为冷机、冷却水输配系统、冷却塔系统、冷冻水输配系统等四个子系统，子系统的能耗彼此耦合。本文给出每个子系统的能效“最优”状态，并将实际能效与最优能效的差距从物理层面逐一分解，提出制冷站实际能效的五级损失，包括二十个具体问题。在冷量传递链能效损失分析的基础上，本文提出制冷站的层次化指标体系，从不同维度对制冷站的能效问题进行定量评价。第一级指标反映制冷站的总体能效，第二级指标反映四个子系统的能效。通过前两级指标，可宏观把握制冷站的能效水平，初步评估制冷站的节能潜力。第三级指标旨在寻找并准确定位影响制冷站能耗的问题。基于制冷站层次化指标体系，本文提出制冷站的流程化节能诊断方法，共分五个步骤。标准化的数据收集，基于能效指标的初步判断，设备建模，问题指标计算，诊断结论与改造建议。该方法将专家经验融合于指标系统中，实现诊断过程的流程化和标准化，，易于学习和复制。本文以一个实际冷站的诊断过程为例，详细介绍了此方法。除节能诊断外，层次化指标体系在制冷站全生命周期建设与运行管理中可广泛应用。对于既有建筑，可应用指标体系实现精细化的运行管理。对于新建建筑，指标体系构建了运行环节与设计环节之间的桥梁，使得运行环节中普遍存在的问题得以及时反馈至设计环节，并可对施工、调试与验收等全过程关键环节实施定量管理与质量控制，提升整体质量。
[Abstract]:The central air-conditioning system refrigeration station energy consumption is high, the question is many, is the large-scale public building energy-saving work the focal point. Most of the existing energy saving diagnosis methods are based on specific renovation measures, lacking of systematic analysis of energy consumption in refrigeration stations, panoramic examination and quantitative characterization, resulting in excessive reliance on expert experience, high cost and poor repeatability in energy saving diagnosis. And it is difficult to complete long-term monitoring. Therefore, a hierarchical index system is proposed to describe energy consumption and efficiency of refrigeration stations. In this paper, the energy efficiency loss of each link in the intermediate cooling capacity preparation and distribution chain of refrigeration station is analyzed. The refrigeration station is divided into four subsystems: cooling machine, cooling water transmission and distribution system, cooling tower system and refrigerated water transmission and distribution system. The energy consumption of the subsystems is coupled with each other. In this paper, the "optimal" state of energy efficiency of each subsystem is given, and the gap between actual energy efficiency and optimal energy efficiency is decomposed from the physical level one by one, and the five-level loss of actual energy efficiency of refrigeration stations is proposed, including 20 specific problems. Based on the analysis of energy efficiency loss of cooling transfer chain, the hierarchical index system of refrigeration station is put forward in this paper, and the energy efficiency of refrigeration station is evaluated quantitatively from different dimensions. The first index reflects the overall energy efficiency of the refrigeration station and the second level reflects the energy efficiency of the four subsystems. The energy efficiency level of refrigeration station can be grasped macroscopically and the energy saving potential of refrigeration station can be preliminarily evaluated through the first two indexes. The third index aims to find and accurately locate the problems that affect the energy consumption of refrigeration stations. Based on the hierarchical index system of refrigeration station, this paper puts forward the diagnosis method of flow energy saving of refrigeration station, which is divided into five steps. Standardized data collection, preliminary judgment based on energy efficiency index, equipment modeling, problem index calculation, diagnosis conclusion and modification suggestion. In this method, expert experience is integrated into the index system to realize the process of diagnosis and standardization, which is easy to learn and copy. This paper introduces this method in detail, taking the diagnosis process of a practical cold station as an example. Besides energy saving diagnosis, hierarchical index system can be widely used in the whole life cycle construction and operation management of refrigeration station. For the existing buildings, the index system can be applied to achieve fine operation management. For the new building, the index system constructs the bridge between the running link and the design link, so that the common problems in the operation link can be fed back to the design link in time, and the construction can be carried out. Carry out quantitative management and quality control during the whole process, such as debugging and acceptance, to improve the overall quality.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU831

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