砌体教学楼的震害分析及抗震加固研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 07:45

【摘要】：2008年5月12日,发生的汶川地震,是我国自唐山地震以来又一次震害严重的地震。造成了大量的人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。我国作为西亚地中海和环太平洋两大地震带的交汇地区,一直以来都是遭受地震灾害比较严重的国家。较大级别的地震会造成严重的建筑破坏和人员伤亡。中小学校舍由于使用人群的密集性及使用者较差的自我保护意识使其成为特殊的受灾建筑群之一。因此,提高对中小学教学楼的重视程度,加强中小学教学楼抗震安全措施是当今社会的重中之重。在地震中受到不同程度破坏、但经加固维修后仍可继续使用的部分学校建筑,也需要我们采取行之有效的技术措施来强化其防震减灾能力,这也是我们当前及今后应该继续研究和发展的方向。通过对中小学抗震技术及震后加固技术的研究,使学校教学楼最终变为学校师生和附近居民名符其实的“第一避难所”。本文以对中小学砌体教学楼的震害调查研究为基本工作,总结了砌体教学楼中各薄弱环节存在的典型的抗震问题,仔细研究了各种震害表现,并分析震害产生的原因,为教学楼的抗震加固工作提供了有意义的理论指导。在综合分析建筑结构加固的原因及其加固后的受力特征后,详细的介绍了砌体结构的加固原理。详细介绍了砌体结构常用的加固方法,对水泥灌浆法、扶壁柱加固、钢筋网水泥砂浆加固、结构构造性加固等进行了概括性的介绍。并指出了各种加固方法的施工要点和计算要点。结合前述相关理论,以某砌体结构幼儿园作为工程实例,详细的分析了鉴定过程和加固设计、施工等在工程中的运用。构造柱加固技术和钢筋网水泥砂浆面层加固技术都具有增强砌体结构整体性和抗震能力的作用,在工程中被广泛地应用。
[Abstract]:The Wenchuan earthquake, which occurred on May 12, 2008, is another serious earthquake in China since the Tangshan earthquake. Caused a large number of casualties and huge economic losses. China, as the intersection area of the Mediterranean and Pacific Rim seismic zones, has always been the country that suffered more serious earthquake disaster. Large earthquakes can cause serious building damage and casualties. School buildings in primary and secondary schools have become one of the special disaster-stricken buildings because of the intensive use of people and the poor self-protection consciousness of the users. Therefore, it is the most important in the society to improve the importance of primary and secondary school buildings and strengthen the seismic safety measures of primary and secondary school buildings. Some school buildings that have been damaged to varying degrees in the earthquake, but which can still be used after reinforcement and maintenance, also need us to take effective technical measures to strengthen their ability to prevent and reduce earthquake. This is also the direction that we should continue to study and develop at present and in the future. Through the study of seismic techniques and post-earthquake reinforcement techniques in primary and secondary schools, the school building will eventually become the "first refuge" for the teachers and students of schools and the residents nearby. Based on the investigation and study of earthquake damage in primary and middle school masonry teaching buildings, this paper summarizes the typical seismic problems existing in the weak links of masonry teaching buildings, studies the various kinds of earthquake damage performance, and analyzes the causes of earthquake damage. It provides meaningful theoretical guidance for seismic reinforcement of teaching buildings. After the comprehensive analysis of the reasons for the strengthening of the building structure and the mechanical characteristics of the strengthened structure, the reinforcement principle of the masonry structure is introduced in detail. The common reinforcement methods of masonry structure are introduced in detail, such as cement grouting method, buttress column reinforcement, reinforced concrete mesh cement mortar reinforcement, structural strengthening and so on. The main points of construction and calculation of various reinforcement methods are also pointed out. Combined with the above related theory, taking a masonry structure kindergarten as an engineering example, the paper analyzes in detail the application of appraisal process, reinforcement design, construction and so on. The reinforcement technology of structural column and reinforced concrete mortar surface layer has the function of enhancing the integrity and seismic resistance of masonry structure, and has been widely used in engineering.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU364;TU352.11

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