中东铁路建筑保温与采暖技术研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 19:37

【摘要】：近年来对中东铁路历史建筑的研究正引起越来越多的人们的重视，相关研究也不断向广度和深度拓展。其中值得注意的是，中东铁路建筑大多分布于东北最寒冷的地区，在建筑过程中，建筑的防寒保温问题始终是首先加以考虑和解决的方面，而中东铁路建筑恰恰在这方面形成了非常成熟的技术系统，体现了当时的保温采暖技术水平。从建筑分布来看，中东铁路建筑地处东北严寒地区，与俄罗斯本土气候环境相似，，因此对建筑的防寒保温有着特殊的考虑。在建筑总平面上注重城镇选址和建筑布局，将城镇、建筑与周边地理环境结合设计，充分利用各种地理条件；在建筑单体上合理的设计建筑平面、窗墙比和体型系数，使建筑单体的防寒保温臻于完善；同时注重门斗、地下室及闷顶等过渡空间的设计，最大化的降低室外环境对室内温度的影响。从建筑构造与节点设计来看，精心选择外墙材料，注重楼地面构造，合理设计门窗节点。外墙材料有单一和复合两种形式，单一形式材料主要以砖、石、木三种天然材料为主，复合材料形成了木材-锯末、砖木、砖石、钢木四种复合材料墙体形式；楼地面的设计根据不同建筑的结构和保温需求形成了基本型、衍生型和复合型三种楼地面形式；在门窗节点的设计上，尽量避免热量在门窗洞口处的消耗，并严密嵌缝，确保室内温度。在室内的采暖设计上，根据不同的建筑规模和采暖需求形成了壁炉、炉灶、火墙、集中采暖四种采暖形式，各采暖系统协调搭配、优势互补，并辅以特殊的节点设计，使室内采暖系统臻于完善。本研究可以为进一步的中东铁路建筑遗产保护、修复以及再利用研究奠定相关基础。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the research of railway historical buildings in the Middle East. It is worth noting that most of the railway buildings in the Middle East are located in the coldest areas of the Northeast. In the process of construction, the problem of preventing the cold and heat preservation of the buildings is always the first aspect to be considered and solved. And the Middle East railway building has formed a very mature technical system in this respect, which reflects the technical level of heat preservation and heating at that time. From the view of architectural distribution, the Middle East railway building is located in the cold region of Northeast China, similar to the native climate and environment of Russia, so it has special consideration to the building's cold prevention and heat preservation. Pay attention to the location and layout of cities and towns on the general plane of buildings, combine the design of towns, buildings and the surrounding geographical environment, make full use of all kinds of geographical conditions, design the building plane, window wall ratio and shape coefficient reasonably on the single building, At the same time, it pays attention to the design of the transition space, such as door bucket, basement and stuffy roof, so as to minimize the influence of outdoor environment on indoor temperature. From the point of view of architectural structure and node design, the exterior wall material is carefully selected, the floor structure of the building is paid attention to, and the door and window joints are reasonably designed. There are two forms of external wall materials: brick, stone and wood. The composite materials are composed of wood and sawdust, brick and wood, brick and stone, and steel and wood. According to the structure and insulation requirements of different buildings, the floor design of the building has formed three kinds of floor forms, namely, basic type, derivative type and compound type. In the design of door and window joints, the heat consumption at the openings of doors and windows is avoided as far as possible, and the joints are closely interspersed. Ensure indoor temperature. In indoor heating design, according to different building scale and heating demand, four heating forms are formed, such as fireplace, stove, fire wall, centralized heating system, coordinated collocation of each heating system, complementary advantages, and special node design. Make indoor heating system perfect. This study can lay a foundation for further research on the protection, restoration and reuse of railway heritage in the Middle East.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU111.41;TU832

【参考文献】