建筑布局对严寒地区城市广场风环境的影响研究
发布时间：2018-08-09 15:49
【摘要】：对于室外公共空间环境的设计，设计师们往往把焦点都集中于总平面的布局设计、功能分区、交通流线以及景观设计等等方面，而很少注重室外热环境的设计，没有针对室外环境中的人体热舒适感觉进行分析和研究。而对于一个城市广场空间，尤其是严寒地区的城市广场，室外热环境直接决定了人们在广场中的停留时间，，决定了广场的利用率，从而决定着一个城市广场设计的好坏。热环境包括温度、湿度、日照、风等因素，本文主要研究的是城市广场风环境。风环境是城市广场热环境的重要构成因素之一，风也是人们可以直观感受到的物理现象，不同速度的风会给人带来不同的感受。夏季如果有风吹过，人们会感到凉爽宜人；而冬季如果风速太大，则会使人感到更加寒冷，不愿意在室外长时间活动和停留。如果不能对城市广场风环境有一个很好的预测，会导致在季节性盛行风风速较大的时候，广场局部空间出现比较恶劣的风环境。 本文首先对城市广场风环境的基础理论进行了概述，从建筑单体的角度分析了建筑周围风环境的基本分布情况，包括气流与建筑相遇受到建筑阻挡后的流动状态和建筑单体的三维尺度对风环境的影响，分析了建筑间距对于建筑组群风环境的影响，重点对建筑布局方面对于城市广场风环境的影响因素进行了分析概括，分析了广场风环境对于人的舒适度和行为的影响，并对室外风环境的评估标准进行了阐述和比较。接下来对模拟软件Fluent进行了简要的介绍，在第三章中重点严寒地区的矩形城市广场在不同布局模式下的风环境进行了模拟分析，采用单一变量因素分析法对城市广场围合建筑不同的三维尺寸、不同的开口尺寸和不同布局模式下的风环境进行了预测与分析。最后从城市总体规划、围合建筑与街道的关系、建筑基本布局模式和建筑群体开口设计方面提出了严寒地区矩形城市广场风环境的优化策略，并选取了哈尔滨一座典型的城市广场进行了风环境优化，提出了八种新的围合建筑布局模式，对每一种模式下的风环境进行了模拟和分析，最终在其中选出了最优方案和最差方案。 本文通过软件模拟将严寒地区矩形城市广场的风环境状况用图形直观地展现出来，希望可以给设计师们在进行严寒地区城市广场设计时提供一定的参考，使城市广场不仅具有良好的空间视觉感受，也可以有比较好的风环境感受。
[Abstract]:For the design of outdoor public space environment, designers tend to focus on the general layout design, functional zoning, traffic streamline and landscape design, etc., but pay little attention to the design of outdoor thermal environment. There is no analysis and research on human thermal comfort in outdoor environment. For a city square space, especially the city square in the cold area, the outdoor thermal environment directly determines the stay time in the square, determines the utilization rate of the square, and determines the design of a city square. The thermal environment includes temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind and so on. Wind environment is one of the important factors of urban square thermal environment, wind is also a physical phenomenon that people can directly feel, different speed of wind will bring people different feelings. When the wind blows through the summer, people feel cool and pleasant; in winter, if the wind is too strong, it makes people feel colder and less willing to stay outside for long periods of time. If there is not a good prediction of the urban square wind environment, it will lead to a relatively bad wind environment in the local space of the square when the seasonal prevailing wind speed is large. In this paper, the basic theory of urban square wind environment is summarized, and the basic distribution of wind environment around the building is analyzed from the angle of building monomer. Including the flow state of the air flow and the influence of the three-dimensional scale of the building monomer on the wind environment, the influence of the space between the buildings on the wind environment of the building group is analyzed. The influence factors of urban square wind environment in architectural layout are analyzed and summarized, the influence of square wind environment on people's comfort and behavior is analyzed, and the evaluation criteria of outdoor wind environment are expounded and compared. Then the simulation software Fluent is introduced briefly. In the third chapter, the wind environment of the rectangular city square in the key cold area is simulated and analyzed in different layout modes. The single variable factor analysis method is used to predict and analyze the wind environment under different three-dimensional dimensions, different opening dimensions and different layout modes of the enclosed buildings in urban square. Finally, from the aspects of urban master planning, the relationship between surrounding buildings and streets, the basic layout model of buildings and the design of architectural group openings, the optimization strategy of wind environment of rectangular city square in severe cold area is put forward. A typical city square in Harbin is selected to optimize the wind environment, and eight new layout models of enclosed buildings are proposed, and the wind environment under each model is simulated and analyzed. Finally, the best scheme and the worst scheme were selected. In this paper, the wind environment of rectangular city square in severe cold area is visualized by software simulation, and it is hoped that it can provide some reference for designers in the design of city square in cold area. The city square not only has the good space vision feeling, but also has the better wind environment feeling.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU119
本文编号：2174575
[Abstract]:For the design of outdoor public space environment, designers tend to focus on the general layout design, functional zoning, traffic streamline and landscape design, etc., but pay little attention to the design of outdoor thermal environment. There is no analysis and research on human thermal comfort in outdoor environment. For a city square space, especially the city square in the cold area, the outdoor thermal environment directly determines the stay time in the square, determines the utilization rate of the square, and determines the design of a city square. The thermal environment includes temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind and so on. Wind environment is one of the important factors of urban square thermal environment, wind is also a physical phenomenon that people can directly feel, different speed of wind will bring people different feelings. When the wind blows through the summer, people feel cool and pleasant; in winter, if the wind is too strong, it makes people feel colder and less willing to stay outside for long periods of time. If there is not a good prediction of the urban square wind environment, it will lead to a relatively bad wind environment in the local space of the square when the seasonal prevailing wind speed is large. In this paper, the basic theory of urban square wind environment is summarized, and the basic distribution of wind environment around the building is analyzed from the angle of building monomer. Including the flow state of the air flow and the influence of the three-dimensional scale of the building monomer on the wind environment, the influence of the space between the buildings on the wind environment of the building group is analyzed. The influence factors of urban square wind environment in architectural layout are analyzed and summarized, the influence of square wind environment on people's comfort and behavior is analyzed, and the evaluation criteria of outdoor wind environment are expounded and compared. Then the simulation software Fluent is introduced briefly. In the third chapter, the wind environment of the rectangular city square in the key cold area is simulated and analyzed in different layout modes. The single variable factor analysis method is used to predict and analyze the wind environment under different three-dimensional dimensions, different opening dimensions and different layout modes of the enclosed buildings in urban square. Finally, from the aspects of urban master planning, the relationship between surrounding buildings and streets, the basic layout model of buildings and the design of architectural group openings, the optimization strategy of wind environment of rectangular city square in severe cold area is put forward. A typical city square in Harbin is selected to optimize the wind environment, and eight new layout models of enclosed buildings are proposed, and the wind environment under each model is simulated and analyzed. Finally, the best scheme and the worst scheme were selected. In this paper, the wind environment of rectangular city square in severe cold area is visualized by software simulation, and it is hoped that it can provide some reference for designers in the design of city square in cold area. The city square not only has the good space vision feeling, but also has the better wind environment feeling.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU119
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