基于风环境的深圳前海三四单元高层建筑形态控制研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 16:29

【摘要】：伴随着城市化进程的迅速发展，大量人口的聚集、高密度城市建设区的涌现，由此引发的城市气候问题也日益凸显。气候总是影响的建筑建设和发展的关键因素，根据气候的理念来指导城市建设，确保建筑与气候之间的良性互动，为建设可持续发展道路奠定基础。夏热冬暖气候区城市风环境被公认为是主导整体城市环境的要素之一，直接影响着城市的舒适度和健康性。良好的建筑形态布局利于改善城市的通风状况，因此，从改善城市风环境入手，对建筑形态进行研究具有重要的意义。深圳前海三、四开发单元属于新建设区，由于地块性质的特殊性，高层建筑成为影响开发单元风环境的主要因素。通过对高层建筑风环境相关问题的基础研究，总结出影响风环境的高层形态要素。按照高层建筑形态类型，将开发单元内的高层建筑进行分类，分为点式高层建筑，板式高层建筑，联排裙房高层建筑三种。利用深圳气象局对前海全年的风向、风速数据整理，运用CFD模拟技术对其三种建筑类型进行风环境模拟试验，根据风环境舒适度评估标准，，评价出各类高层建筑主要引发的不同风环境问题。分析开发单元特殊地段内得出引发风问题的高层建筑形态要素，主要受到建筑朝向，建筑平面形式，建筑体量，建筑立面构成，沿街裙房立面细部要素的影响。再分别对每一要素进行形态研究模拟，得出对周围风环境有较大改善的要素形态，进而得出适宜开发单元的高层建筑形态要素的构成方式。在三种高层建筑类型风环境问题剖析的基础上，从预留主风道，降低地面覆盖率，增大塔楼的通风量和设置立体绿化四个方面提出了适用于开发单元高层建筑总体形态控制策略。针对开发单元内每一类型建筑存在的具体问题，点式高层建筑对消弱边角强风、分散迎风面下旋涡流，板式高层建筑对减少风影区、避免街道峡谷风，联排裙房高层建筑加强内部通风、减少上风向阻挡，都提出了具体的高层建筑形态控制策略。最后应用以上分析结论，通过对前海三、四开发单元的高层建筑形态导则编制，以营造适宜风环境的角度，对前海三、四开发单元的高层建筑形态进行控制，指引设计。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization, the accumulation of a large number of people, the emergence of high-density urban construction areas, the resulting urban climate problems are also increasingly prominent. Climate always affects the key factors of building construction and development, according to the concept of climate to guide urban construction, ensure the benign interaction between architecture and climate, and lay the foundation for the construction of sustainable development road. The urban wind environment in hot summer and warm winter climate area is recognized as one of the factors leading the overall urban environment, which directly affects the comfort and health of the city. The good layout of architectural form is beneficial to improve the ventilation of the city. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the architectural form from the perspective of improving the urban wind environment. The third and fourth development units of Qianhai in Shenzhen belong to the new construction area. Because of the particularity of the land block, the high-rise building becomes the main factor that affects the wind environment of the development unit. Based on the basic research on the wind environment related problems of high-rise buildings, the factors affecting wind environment are summarized. According to the types of high-rise buildings, the high-rise buildings in the development unit are classified into three types: point high-rise building, plate high-rise building and combined skirt high-rise building. Using Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau to arrange the wind direction and wind speed data of Qianhai all year, using CFD simulation technology to carry out wind environment simulation test on its three building types, according to the evaluation standard of wind environment comfort, The different wind environment problems caused by all kinds of tall buildings are evaluated. This paper analyzes the elements of high-rise building form that cause wind problem in a special section of the development unit, which are mainly affected by the building orientation, building plane form, building volume, building facade composition, and the detail elements of the skirt facade along the street. Then the morphological simulation of each element is carried out to obtain the element shape which has great improvement on the surrounding wind environment and then the form elements of the high-rise building which is suitable for the development unit is obtained. Based on the analysis of wind environment problems of three types of high-rise buildings, the ground coverage rate is reduced by reserving main air duct. Four aspects of increasing the ventilation and setting up three-dimensional greening of the tower are put forward, which are suitable for the overall shape control strategy of the high-rise building in the development unit. In view of the concrete problems existing in each type of building in the development unit, the point high-rise building can weaken the strong wind at the edge and disperse the vortex flow under the windward, and the plate high-rise building can reduce the wind shadow area and avoid the street canyon wind. In order to strengthen the internal ventilation and reduce the resistance of upper wind direction, concrete control strategies of high-rise building form are put forward. Finally, applying the above analysis conclusion, through compiling the guide of the high-rise building form of Qianhai three and four development units, in order to create the suitable wind environment, the paper controls and guides the design of the high-rise building form of the Qianhai third and fourth development units.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU973.2

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