广州高校近代建筑保护现状的调查研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 21:37

【摘要】：广州高校近代建筑是广州近代高等教育发展的见证，是近代中西方建筑师在中国探索与实践的成果。这些建筑风格独特、数量众多、分布集中，是我国优秀近代教育建筑的典型代表，也是学校宝贵的文化遗产。然而，在现代教育事业蓬勃发展的进程中，高校近代建筑的保护得不到足够的关注，保存现状堪忧，亟需引起各方人士的关注。目前，研究高校近代建筑的论文相对丰富，但对现状调研这一部分少有细致深入且比较全面的描述。基于此，本论文主要致力于调查研究，以广州高校现存近代建筑为研究对象（包括今中山大学、华南理工大学及华南农业大学现存的128处近代建筑），通过实地调查、访谈及问卷调查的方式，，详细调查了这三所高校近代建筑的本体、用途、空间和环境的保护和利用现状，并进行分类统计。最后对现状存在问题、成因进行了分析，尝试提出保护策略，以期为广州高校建筑的保护作出一点贡献。本文经过调查研究，得到以下结论：第一，经调查，广州高校近代建筑内外风貌均保存得很好的占6%，保存得一般的占71%，保存得比较差的占23%。建筑保存得一般或者不好是因为建筑存在着自然老化和人为破坏的问题，需要采取保养和修复措施；第二，建筑现状用途中有17处建筑延续了原用途，其中12%保存较好，41%保存得一般，29%保存得较差，18%保存得很差；有65处建筑进行不同用途转换，其中21%的建筑保存较好，48%保存一般，28%保存较差，3%保存得很差；有21处建筑进行了相似用途转换，其中37%保存较好，22%保存一般，22%保存较差，19%保存很差；12.8%（16处）建筑空置，保存很差。可见尚有部分建筑由于现状用途、使用方式和使用强度不合理导致保存现状比较差，需要进行调整；第三，部分建筑内部空间的改造利用破坏了建筑的历史风貌，经调查，18%的建筑利用得比较好，54%利用得一般，36%利用得比较差。高校近代建筑的利用应根据既有建筑空间的特点，朝有利于保护的方向进行调整；第四，周边环境利用中35%的建筑利用得比较好，35%利用得一般，30%利用得比较差。尚有部分建筑的周边环境秩序比较混乱，需要改善，并强调建筑与环境相结合；第五，高校近代建筑保护较差的状况主要是人为因素造成，深层原因是保护和利用的矛盾得不到正视，保护观念有待提高。
[Abstract]:The modern architecture of Guangzhou's universities is the witness of the development of Guangzhou's modern higher education and the achievement of the exploration and practice of modern Chinese and western architects in China. These buildings are unique in style, numerous in quantity and concentrated in distribution. They are typical representatives of excellent modern educational buildings in China, and are also valuable cultural heritage of the school. However, in the course of the vigorous development of modern education, the protection of modern architecture in colleges and universities is not paid enough attention to, and the status quo of preservation is worrying, so it is urgent to arouse the attention of all sides. At present, there are a lot of papers on modern architecture in colleges and universities, but there are few detailed and comprehensive descriptions of this part. Based on this, this paper is mainly devoted to the investigation and research, taking the existing modern architecture of Guangzhou University of higher Learning as the research object (including 128 existing modern buildings of present Sun Yat-sen University, South China University of Technology and South China Agricultural University), through field investigation. By means of interviews and questionnaires, this paper makes a detailed investigation of the status quo of the protection and utilization of modern architecture in these three colleges and universities, including its ontology, use, space and environment, and carries out classified statistics. Finally, this paper analyzes the problems and causes of the present situation, and tries to put forward protection strategies in order to make some contributions to the protection of the buildings in Guangzhou's colleges and universities. Through investigation and research, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, through investigation, the modern architecture of Guangzhou university and internal and external features are well preserved in 6%, the general preservation of 71g, the preservation of poor account for 23%. Buildings are generally or poorly preserved because of problems of natural aging and man-made destruction, requiring maintenance and restoration measures. Second, 17 of the current uses of buildings continue their original use. Among them, 12% of the buildings were better preserved, 41% were generally poorly preserved and 18% were poorly preserved, and 65 buildings were converted for different uses, and 21% of the buildings were better preserved, and 48% of the buildings were better preserved. 28% of the buildings were poorly preserved, and 3% of the buildings were poorly preserved. 21 buildings were converted for similar purposes, of which 37% were better preserved, 22% were poor, 19% were poor, and 12. 8% (16) were empty, and the preservation was very poor. It can be seen that there are still some buildings which need to be adjusted because of their current use, irrational use mode and use intensity, which lead to poor preservation status. The reconstruction and utilization of part of the interior space destroyed the historical features of the buildings. After investigation, 18% of the buildings were better utilized than 54% of the buildings, and 36% of the buildings were generally used poorly. The utilization of modern architecture in colleges and universities should be adjusted in favor of protection according to the characteristics of existing building space. There are still some buildings in the surrounding environment that are relatively chaotic and need to be improved, and emphasis is placed on the combination of architecture and environment. Fifthly, the poor protection of modern architecture in colleges and universities is mainly caused by human factors. The deep reason is that the contradiction between protection and utilization can not be faced squarely, and the concept of protection needs to be improved.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.14

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