日照限定下的建筑形体生成研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 19:31

【摘要】：建筑日照因其对人们的健康和生活环境有着不可忽视的影响,而成为绿色建筑评价系统的重要指标之一。随着城市化进程的不断推进,城市集约程度也日益增强,建筑的日照条件限制着城市建设用地的高效利用和土地容积率的提高。怎样使两者之间达到平衡,是目前规划师和建筑师必须考虑的问题。目前的众多日照分析软件能对方案设计的结果进行模拟分析,但在规划和建筑的方案设计阶段指导意义比较欠缺。另一方面,随着计算机辅助建筑设计技术的不断发展,应用计算机脚本语言或参数化设计工具的实验和案例大量涌现,国内外诸多院校都已经进行了大量生成设计的相关研究和实践。基于生态性能的生成式设计试图将建筑的生态性能分析与建筑的形式生成结合在一起,在计算机的帮助下寻求目标设计。本文针对建筑生态性能中的建筑日照问题,探讨以日照标准为约束条件的建筑形体生成方法。在梳理相关研究现状的基础上总结建筑设计项目中常见的三种日照遮挡问题,概括其基地的特点；整理出常见的三种典型单体建筑形体类型,提炼其形体的生成原理,并运用Grasshopper编程创建参数化生成这几种类型建筑的工具或模块；在Rhino+Grasshopper的参数化设计平台上建立以Ecotect为日照分析基础,以遗传算法和退火算法为优化方法的计算机生成实验框架,并针对三种日照遮挡问题,分别对三种典型建筑形体进行优化生成实验。以图表的形式记录各个优化实验的过程,罗列实验得到的优化形体,并总结各实验的可行性和有效性。最后完成了在建筑师所熟悉并常用的建模平台上建立一套以日照问题为约束的建筑形体生成方法。研究成果能为规划师和建筑师提供指导和借鉴。本文主要结构：第一章：绪论。介绍本课题的研究问题的缘起；明确研究的目标——日照问题和建筑体形生成方法,并对现有的相关研究进行整理；提出研究的具体目标、内容和意义。第二章：计算机生成实验介绍。在Rhino的Grasshopper平台上针对特定日照问题的解决方法和具体实验流程和环节。第三章～第五章：日照限定下的建筑形体生成实验。针对三种日照问题,分别用三种生成方法进行生成实验,并总结实验的可行性有效性和适用情况。第六章：总结与展望。对本课题的研究进行总结,提出研究中的贡献与不足,并对后续研究进行展望。
[Abstract]:Building sunshine has become one of the important indexes of green building evaluation system because of its impacts on people's health and living environment. With the continuous progress of urbanization, the degree of urban intensification is also increasing. The sunshine conditions of buildings restrict the efficient use of urban construction land and the improvement of land volume ratio. To achieve a balance between them is a problem that planners and architects must consider.
At present, many sunlight analysis softwares can simulate and analyze the results of project design, but they are lack of guidance in the stage of planning and building design. On the other hand, with the continuous development of computer-aided architectural design technology, a large number of experiments and cases using computer scripting language or parametric design tools have emerged. Many colleges and universities at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research and Practice on generative design. The generative design based on ecological performance tries to combine the ecological performance analysis of buildings with the form generation of buildings, and seeks the goal design with the help of computers.
In this paper, aiming at the problem of building sunshine in building ecological performance, the method of building shape generation with sunshine standard as constraint condition is discussed. On the basis of combing related research status, three common sunshine shielding problems in architectural design projects are summarized, and the characteristics of the base are summarized. Three typical types of single building shapes are sorted out. A parametric design platform based on Rhino+Grasshopper is developed to build a computer-generated experimental framework with Ecotect as the basis of sunshine analysis and genetic algorithm and annealing algorithm as the optimization method. In this paper, three typical building shapes are optimized to generate experiments. The process of each optimization experiment is recorded in the form of charts, the optimized shapes are listed, and the feasibility and validity of each experiment are summarized. The research results can provide guidance and reference for planners and architects.
The main structure of this paper is:
Chapter 1: Introduction. Introduce the origin of the research problem of this subject; make clear the research objectives - Sunshine problem and building shape generation method, and collate the existing related research; put forward the specific objectives, content and significance of the study.
Chapter 2: Introduction of computer-generated experiments. Solutions to specific sunshine problems on Rhino's Grasshopper platform and specific experimental procedures and links.
Chapter 3 to Chapter 5: Building shape generation experiment under sunshine restriction. Three kinds of sunshine generation methods are used to generate experiment, and the feasibility, validity and applicability of the experiment are summarized.
Chapter 6: Summarize and prospect. Summarize the research of this subject, put forward the contribution and deficiency of the research, and prospect the follow-up research.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU201.5;TU113.3

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