浙江南部山区传统民居适宜性节能技术提炼与优化

发布时间：2018-10-12 10:45

【摘要】：中国农村正面临两难境地,一方面居民对居住环境要求提高,建造大量节能技术严重落后的新房子,用能需求被大量释放,经济发展不堪重负。另一方面,中国传统民居蕴含了许多生态节能的经验,却逐渐被遗忘或丢弃。因此当下急需对地域传统民居节能技术进行系统性的研究,并将传统民居的节能技术应用至现代建筑或改良现有的传统建筑。首先,研究从分析浙南山区的气候条件入手,运用生态大师weather tool分析、比较全年气候参数与热舒适,得出为适应这样的气候需采取的被动式技术为夏季自然通风和遮阳、冬季保温、春季防潮；再分析四种被动式技术,即自然通风,高热容围护结构,被动式太阳能采暖技术,蒸发降温技术对提高热舒适范围的效果。从而总结出基于气候条件的适宜性被动式技术。其次,研究进行实地调研,通过走访三个古村落,提炼浙南山区民居在建筑形制、建筑立面、围护结构、细部构件四方面的适宜性节能技术；通过问卷调查,了解民居风环境、光环境、热环境、湿环境主观评价及当下居民迫切需要改进的方面；通过典型民居测量,提出当下民居存在的问题。第三,进行室内外风环境专项研究,以明堂室内风环境为研究内容,从建筑平面形制、横向长度、细部构件、建筑朝向4个方面,选取不同的比较方案进行对比模拟,求得最佳方案；从屋顶坡度、结构体系、屋檐飘雨角3个方面提出浙南民居对抗台风的技术手段。第四,进行室内光环境专项研究,分析民居室内光环境质量,从提高窗地比、提高室内反射比、有无遮阳构建3个方面对室内光环境进行对比分析,提出最佳方案。第五,进行太阳辐射专项研究,分析浙南民居挑檐宽度对墙面日照面积的影响,并进行优化模拟求得最佳方案。第六,进行室内热环境专项研究,模拟三种通风管理技术并提出最佳方案；模拟民居冬季、夏季典型日的室内热环境并分析存在的问题；模拟3种墙面材料及提高窗户保温性能对室内热环境的影响,并根据空间属性的不同提出相应墙体材料的最佳选择。最后,研究从风、光、辐射、热四个专项对浙南地区适宜性节能技术进行总结。
[Abstract]:China's rural areas are facing a dilemma. On the one hand, residents are demanding a higher living environment, building a large number of new houses with seriously backward energy-saving technologies, releasing large quantities of energy demand, and unbearable economic development. On the other hand, Chinese traditional houses contain a lot of ecological energy-saving experience, but are gradually forgotten or discarded. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a systematic study on the energy-saving technology of regional traditional residential buildings, and the application of energy-saving technology of traditional residential buildings to modern buildings or to improve the existing traditional buildings. First of all, from the analysis of climate conditions in the mountainous areas of southern Zhejiang Province, using the ecological master weather tool analysis, comparing the climate parameters and thermal comfort throughout the year, it is concluded that the passive technologies to adapt to such climate are natural ventilation and sunshade in summer. Winter heat preservation, spring moisture-proof, four passive technologies, namely, natural ventilation, high heat capacity enclosure, passive solar heating technology and evaporation cooling technology, are analyzed in order to improve the thermal comfort range. Therefore, the adaptive passive technology based on climatic conditions is summarized. Secondly, the research carries on the field investigation, through visits three ancient villages, refines the south Zhejiang mountainous area folk residence in the building shape, the building facade, the enclosure structure, the detail component four aspects suitable energy saving technology; through the questionnaire investigation, understands the folk residence wind environment, Light environment, thermal environment, wet environment subjective evaluation and immediate residents need to improve the aspects; through the typical residential survey, put forward the current residential problems. Thirdly, a special study on indoor and outdoor wind environment is carried out. Taking the indoor wind environment of Mingtang as the research content, different comparison schemes are selected from four aspects of building plane shape, transverse length, detail component and architectural orientation. From three aspects of roof slope, structure system and rain angle of eaves, the author puts forward the technical means of resisting typhoon in the residential houses in southern Zhejiang. Fourth, carry on the indoor light environment special research, analyze the indoor light environment quality of the dwelling house, from raise the window to floor ratio, raise the indoor reflection ratio, have shading to construct three aspects to carry on the contrast analysis to the indoor light environment, put forward the best scheme. Fifth, a special study on solar radiation is carried out to analyze the influence of the width of roof eaves on the sunshine area of wall in southern Zhejiang, and to optimize the simulation to obtain the best scheme. Sixth, special research on indoor thermal environment, simulating three ventilation management techniques and putting forward the best scheme, simulating the indoor thermal environment of typical days in winter and summer and analyzing the existing problems; The effects of three kinds of wall materials and improving the thermal insulation performance of windows on the indoor thermal environment were simulated, and the optimal selection of the corresponding wall materials was put forward according to the different space attributes. Finally, the paper summarizes the suitable energy saving technology in south Zhejiang from wind, light, radiation and heat.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU241.5

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