建设工程施工合同的隐性需求研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 18:28

【摘要】：鉴于建筑产品的专业性、技术性、复杂性等特点，使得业主难以完整、清晰地表达自己对项目的需求，尤其是特殊需求；同时，使承包商也难以系统、准确地领悟业主对建设项目的真正需求。因此，如何科学、客观地识别业主的需求，特别是隐性需求部分，从而减少工程变更，避免或减少施工合同变更，有效控制施工合同风险等，是目前研究的重点之一。 本文从建设工程合同管理实践中归纳、凝练出“施工合同隐性需求存在”的事实，提出隐性需求是导致合同争端的重要因素之一，隐性需求的发现和控制是增加管理效率的重要方式之一等基本观点，在此基础上展开施工合同隐性需求的系统研究。 首先，应用系统分析技术，基于不完全合同理论论证了合同中隐性需求的存在，并提出四个相关问题，从人的认知和表述角度应用“想”、“说”、“写”三个维度，从合同需求的模式空间分布中分离出合同隐性需求的多种不同表现模式与分类，并对其存在性进行统计验证和模拟验证。 其次，构建了施工合同隐性需求研究的概念模型，基于施工合同隐性需求的模式，提出了隐性需求的核心变量、程度变量等相关变量与一系列关系假设；构造了施工合同隐性需求量表，通过大量调研提取施工合同隐性需求的结构性因子，分析隐性需求的影响因素、相关程度，构建了隐性需求结构方程模型。 第三，应用系统分析技术，根据合同状态分析，构建施工合同状态时变转移模型，对其状态演化进行解析。基于合同状态时变模型，研究了隐性需求与施工合同范本条款的相关性、合同复杂度与合适签约点，以及合同复杂度测算体系，构建单阶段最佳签约质量控制模型。 第四，基于施工合同状态时变转移模型，提出了基于成熟度技术的合同状态判别和分级思想，构建了基于成熟度技术的施工合同状态分类模型，进而基于合同状态分级，建立了隐性需求的分析确定与解析方法。 第五，基于前述研究，结合工程项目的建设程序设计了施工合同业主方隐性需求管理体系，解决了业主方隐性需求管理的“谁来做？”、“做什么？”和“怎么做？”等问题。 本文将隐性需求引入施工合同管理是一个大胆的挑战，，融合多种理论和方法探讨一个新的空间，揭示了施工合同中的相关规律，具有一定的理论意义。研究得知，隐性需求是施工合同履行的一大障碍或诱因，因此，科学地识别、挖掘业主方的隐性需求，对于业主、承包商各自的经济利益，以及双方的关系治理，甚至营造行业和谐氛围都有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:In view of the professional, technical and complex nature of the construction products, it is difficult for the owner to express his needs for the project in a complete and clear manner, especially for the special needs; at the same time, it is difficult for the contractor to systematize, Accurately understand the owner's real demand for construction projects. Therefore, how to scientifically and objectively identify the owner's needs, especially the recessive demand, so as to reduce the engineering changes, avoid or reduce the construction contract changes, and effectively control the risks of construction contracts, is one of the key points of current research. This paper sums up the fact that "the hidden demand of construction contract exists" from the practice of contract management of construction project, and points out that the hidden demand is one of the important factors leading to the contract dispute. The discovery and control of hidden demand is one of the important ways to increase management efficiency. First of all, based on the incomplete contract theory, this paper demonstrates the existence of implicit demand in the contract by using the system analysis technology, and puts forward four related problems. It applies the three dimensions of "thinking", "saying" and "writing" from the perspective of human cognition and expression. From the spatial distribution of contract demand, we separate out many different representation patterns and classification of contract implicit demand, and verify its existence statistically and simulated. Secondly, the concept model of implicit demand of construction contract is constructed. Based on the model of implicit demand of construction contract, the related variables, such as core variable, degree variable and so on, are put forward and a series of relational hypotheses are put forward. The implicit demand table of construction contract is constructed, the structural factors of implicit demand of construction contract are extracted through a large number of investigations, the influencing factors and correlation degree of implicit demand are analyzed, and the structural equation model of recessive demand is constructed. Thirdly, based on the analysis of contract state, the time-varying transition model of construction contract state is constructed, and its state evolution is analyzed. Based on the time-varying model of contract state, this paper studies the correlation between implicit demand and construction contract model clause, the contract complexity and suitable contract point, and the system of measuring contract complexity, and constructs a single stage optimal contract quality control model. Fourthly, based on the time-varying transfer model of construction contract state, this paper puts forward the idea of judging and classifying the contract state based on maturity technology, and constructs the classification model of construction contract state based on maturity technology, and then based on the classification of contract state. The analysis and analysis method of recessive demand is established. Fifthly, based on the above-mentioned research, combined with the construction program of the project, the author designs the implicit demand management system for the owner of the construction contract, which solves the problem of "who will do it?" and "what to do?" And "how?" And so on. In this paper, it is a bold challenge to introduce implicit demand into construction contract management. It is of certain theoretical significance to combine various theories and methods to explore a new space and to reveal the relevant laws in construction contract. The study shows that the hidden demand is a major obstacle or incentive for the implementation of the construction contract. Therefore, to scientifically identify and excavate the implicit needs of the owner, the economic interests of the owner and the contractor, and the relationship between the two parties, Even creating a harmonious atmosphere in the industry has important practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU723.1


本文编号：2281991