单元式集合住宅组团布局的数字设计方法

发布时间：2018-11-09 14:17

【摘要】：高速城市化的过程伴随着大规模的住宅建设,如何设计和建造出经济、舒适、美观,同时又节能、节地、节材的居住区,不仅是建筑师所共同追求的一个目标,更是迫切而重要的民生问题。数字技术进入建筑设计领域已有半个世纪,能够真正从方案设计的角度来辅助建筑创作的数字技术少之又少,此层面的研究国内外均处于初级探索阶段。本研究采用了国际上最新和最热门的人工智能辅助设计方法,设计-评价-再设计的智能型专家设计系统,并以行列式布局的单元式集合住宅组团为例,进行方案设计。首先,研究以居住单元位置与环境品质的影响因素之间的关系为出发点,入户调查取得的居民对环境喜好的特点和分类为组团布局优劣判定的数据标准,用面向对象的C++编程语言,多代理系统和生成式计算方法,随机型不完全的算法来模拟组团的布局设计,建立组团布局的数学模型和相关约束条件,编译出了一套组团平面自动化布局软件,实现了数字化模拟“人脑,,的布局设计过程。研究结果显示：该软件对于各类单元式组团自动化布局是可行、可控、可视的,布局过程是由下至上、逐渐收敛,生成的布局是相对较优的布局,总体满意度较高。其次,利用该软件,对布局设计的外部环境参数：容积率、地块比例、单元大小和比例,居民喜好分类以及组团类型参数做了大量的不同数值下的数字化布局分析。研究结果显示：a.在以多层、中高层和高层组团为例的布局设计中,数字化评价指标一总体满意度与各类型参数的数值之间的关系;b.为提高总体满意度,不同类型组团应采取的设计策略。最后,对用人工方法设计完成的组团布局实际案例,用数字化方法重新设计,在相同规划和评价条件下,比较分析两种方法设计出的布局的特点和优劣,研究结果显示：a.数字方法生成的布局的总体满度高于人工方法；b.在中心绿地布局、单元拼接方式、住宅楼与道路关系方面的设计策略。总之,论文中尝试提出的组团平面自动化布局的数字技术足一种真正意义上的计算机辅助建筑设计的新方法,体现了“以居住者为本”的设计宗旨,符合创建“节约型社会的基本国策,是人工智能技术在居住区布局设计领域的全新尝试。
[Abstract]:The process of high-speed urbanization is accompanied by large-scale housing construction, how to design and build economic, comfortable, beautiful, energy saving, land saving, and material saving residential areas, is not only a common goal pursued by architects. It is an urgent and important issue of people's livelihood. Digital technology has been in the field of architectural design for half a century, and few digital technologies can assist architectural creation from the angle of project design. The research on this level is in the primary stage of exploration at home and abroad. In this study, the latest and most popular artificial intelligence aided design method is adopted in the world, and the intelligent expert design system of design-evaluation-re-design is adopted, and the project design is carried out with the example of the group of unit houses with determinant layout. First of all, based on the relationship between the location of residential units and the factors affecting environmental quality, the characteristics and classification of residents' environmental preferences obtained from the household survey are regarded as the data standards for judging the quality of group layout. Using object-oriented C programming language, multi-agent system and generative calculation method, random incomplete algorithm to simulate the group layout design, set up the mathematical model of group layout and related constraints. In this paper, a set of automatic layout software is compiled, and the layout design process of "human brain," is realized. The results show that the software is feasible, controllable, visual, and the layout process is from bottom to top, gradually converges, the generated layout is relatively optimal and the overall satisfaction is high. Secondly, the digital layout analysis of the external environmental parameters of the layout design, such as plot ratio, unit size and proportion, the classification of residents' preferences and the parameters of group type, is carried out by using the software. The results show that: A. In the layout design of multi-layer, middle and high level groups, the relationship between the total satisfaction of digital evaluation index and the value of various types of parameters is discussed. In order to improve overall satisfaction, different types of groups should adopt design strategies. Finally, the actual case of group layout designed by manual method is redesigned by digital method. Under the same planning and evaluation conditions, the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are compared and analyzed. The results show as follows: a The total fullness of the layout generated by the digital method is higher than that of the manual method. The design strategy of central green space layout, unit splicing, residential building and road relationship. In a word, the digital technology of automatic layout of group plane proposed in this paper is a real new method of computer-aided architectural design, which embodies the design tenet of "habitation-oriented". In line with the basic national policy of creating a "conservation-oriented society", artificial intelligence technology is a new attempt in the field of residential layout design.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.12

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