基于生态安全的哈尔滨城市空间增长边界研究

发布时间：2018-11-18 09:16

【摘要】：城市是人类生产和活动的主要聚居地，城市环境的舒适与否直接影响着人们对城市生活的满意度以及城市未来的发展。20世纪50年代以来，全球环境污染和生态破坏日益严重，使生态安全问题逐渐被提上议事日程，城市生态安全问题开始备受瞩目。而近年来，随着城镇化的快速发展，城市开始以低密度、非连续的发展模式向郊区蔓延。城市规模的这种无节制的扩张不仅侵占了周边的农村用地，同时也使得城市生态系统安全遭受严重的威胁。面对这些问题，，西方国家通过制定城市空间增长边界（Urban Growth Boundaries，简称UGBs），有效地控制了城市的无序扩张，保护了耕地等重要资源。我国城市正处于快速发展阶段，抑制蔓延和维护生态安全具有同等重要地位。而国内目前关于UGBs的研究，虽然部分涉及到生态安全的内容，但对于定量地把生态安全要素融入到UGBs设定过程的研究仍然较少。鉴于此，论文通过探讨UGBs在我国城市空间增长控制与生态保护方面的综合适用性，对生态安全前提下UGBs的设定进行了定量研究，希望能为未来UGBs的设定提供参考和借鉴依据。论文首先采用文献研究法分析了国内外生态安全和UGBs的研究成果，运用比较分析法梳理并确定了生态安全预测方法与UGBs设定的方法，对生态安全与UGBs结合的可行性进行了研究，通过对国内外UGBs设定实践经验的分析，总结出当前国内外UGBs设定研究的特点与不足；然后，对哈尔滨城市空间演变历史和未来发展方向进行了阐述与分析，从城市自然条件、社会环境及经济发展三个层面定性分析了UGBs设定的影响因素，以基于PSR模型的生态安全评价指标体系为基础，选取人口密度、人口自然增长率、人均耕地面积等20个指标，利用灰色预测法建立了哈尔滨中心城区生态安全预测的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型，预测出哈尔滨中心城区的城市建设用地规模，为UGBs的设定奠定了基础；最后，根据哈尔滨的实际情况，应用GIS空间分析法对中心城区土地生态适宜性进行综合评价，依据评价结果划定了哈尔滨中心城区的禁建区、限建区、适建区和已建区，从而初步设定了哈尔滨中心城区的UGBs，经过修正得到UGBs的最终形态。与《哈尔滨城市总体规划》相比，论文设定的UGBs范围比总规设定的UGBs范围要小，符合城市可持续发展的需求。因此，期望通过论文的研究能够为总规中UGBs的设定提供一种新思路，以实现其抑制城市蔓延和保护生态安全的双重目标。
[Abstract]:City is the main settlement of human production and activities, the comfort of urban environment directly affects people's satisfaction with urban life and the future development of the city. Since 1950s, global environmental pollution and ecological destruction have become increasingly serious. The issue of ecological security has been put on the agenda gradually, and the issue of urban ecological security has been attracting much attention. In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization, cities began to spread to the suburbs with low density and discontinuous development mode. The unrestrained expansion of urban scale not only encroaches on the surrounding rural land, but also threatens the security of urban ecosystem. In the face of these problems, western countries effectively control the sprawl of cities and protect important resources such as cultivated land by making the boundary of urban spatial growth (Urban Growth Boundaries, for short UGBs),. China's cities are in a rapid development stage, so it is equally important to control the spread and maintain ecological security. However, although the current research on UGBs in China involves the content of ecological security in part, there is still less research on the quantitative integration of ecological security elements into the process of UGBs setting. In view of this, this paper discusses the comprehensive applicability of UGBs in urban spatial growth control and ecological protection in China, and makes a quantitative study on the setting of UGBs under the premise of ecological security, hoping to provide a reference and reference basis for the establishment of UGBs in the future. Firstly, the paper analyzes the research results of ecological security and UGBs at home and abroad by the method of literature research, combs and determines the method of ecological safety prediction and the method of UGBs setting, and studies the feasibility of the combination of ecological security and UGBs. Based on the analysis of the practical experience of UGBs setting at home and abroad, the characteristics and shortcomings of current domestic and foreign UGBs setting research are summarized. Then, the evolution history and future development direction of Harbin urban space are expounded and analyzed, and the influencing factors of UGBs setting are qualitatively analyzed from three aspects of urban natural condition, social environment and economic development. Based on the ecological security evaluation index system based on PSR model, 20 indexes, such as population density, natural population growth rate and per capita cultivated land area, are selected. The metabolic GM (1 / 1) model of ecological safety prediction in central urban area of Harbin was established by using grey forecasting method, and the scale of urban construction land in central urban area of Harbin was predicted, which laid the foundation for setting up UGBs. Finally, according to the actual situation of Harbin, the land ecological suitability of central urban area is evaluated by using GIS spatial analysis method. According to the evaluation results, the no-building area, restricted construction area, suitable area and built area in central urban area of Harbin are delineated. Therefore, the final shape of UGBs was obtained by modifying the UGBs, of Harbin central city. Compared with "Harbin City Master Plan", the scope of UGBs set in this paper is smaller than that of UGBs set by master rule, which accords with the demand of sustainable development of the city. Therefore, it is expected that the research in this paper can provide a new way of thinking for the setting of UGBs in the master plan, in order to achieve its dual goals of restraining urban spread and protecting ecological security.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.113

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