广东开平城乡建设的现代化进程

发布时间：2018-11-21 21:08

【摘要】：20世纪20-30年代,广东省制定全省通用的建筑管理制度和政策,促成开平现代建筑管理体制的初步形成；借助华侨的先进思想观念和侨汇投资资金的支持,推动了开平城乡建设的现代化进程。本文以现场调研成果和原始史料为依据,研究开平城乡建设的现代化进程,剖析开平现代建筑管理机构与管理制度的建立、建筑营造业的发展、墟市的规划和建设、近代传统村落的局部改进、商品化村落的萌芽,以及各类建筑不同程度的发展进程。论文回顾和评价相关领域既有研究成果,阐述论文研究的背景、内容和意义,确定研究意义、研究内容、研究方法及论文整体结构；依据原始史料文献,论述影响开平城乡建设现代化进程的社会背景——侨乡背景与地缘背景,包括华侨带来的西方现代思想观念,巨额侨汇构成的侨乡建设经济基础；政府层面的制度影响——当时广东省城乡建设政策法规的指导和督促作用,以及近代主流城市广州成功的市政建设经验、建筑业人才资源、商品集散优势等因素对相对落后的边缘地区开平的辐射性影响。在此基础上,开平建筑管理机构初步建立,建筑管理制度的初步制定和实施,现代建筑营造队伍与营造业同业团体得到发展,现代营造技术得到初步发展和应用。同时,职业建筑师开始介入重要公共建筑设计,推动了开平城乡建设的现代化进程。论文结合调研测绘成果和相关史料论述开平近代墟市的建设背景、建设过程和建设成果。开平沿用和借鉴广州市政改良的相关政策,制定了建设程序、技术要求、报批内容、建筑规范等相关政策或规定,在此基础上开展现代市政设施,新建和改建了一批墟市,是开平城乡建设现代化进程的重要组成部分。论文以大量的调研测绘成果和文献资料为依据,论述开平近代城乡建设的现代化进程。1900年以后,因华侨影响及其投资建设,开平近代传统村落得到局部改进,出现改进型三间两廊民居、庐居、近代碉楼建筑等新型建筑,混凝土道路、混凝土塘基、混凝土晒场等农用设施,以及篮球场、游泳池等新型运动设施,村落环境逐步改善。后期还开展了商品化村落——初步具备现代居住区特征的新业堂模范村的规划建设。这一时期建设的现代公共建筑,包括现代学校建筑、图书馆建筑、酒店建筑等,已经采用现代招标模式,由职业建筑师设计,现代营造队伍建设。本论文是国家自然科学基金资助项目《基于创新研究观念与创新研究方法的中国近代建筑史研究》的研究成果之一(项目批准号50838007)。
[Abstract]:In the 20-30 's of the 20th century, Guangdong Province formulated the general building management system and policy of the province, which promoted the initial formation of the modern building management system in Kaiping. With the help of the advanced ideas of overseas Chinese and the support of overseas Chinese's investment funds, the modernization of Kaiping's urban and rural construction has been promoted. Based on the field investigation results and original historical data, this paper studies the modernization process of Kaiping's urban and rural construction, analyzes the establishment of modern building management institutions and management system, the development of architectural construction industry, and the planning and construction of the market. The local improvement of modern traditional villages, the germination of commercial villages, and the development of various kinds of buildings. This paper reviews and evaluates the existing research achievements in related fields, expounds the background, content and significance of the research, determines the research significance, the research content, the research method and the overall structure of the paper. According to the original historical documents, this paper discusses the social background that affects the modernization process of Kaiping's urban and rural areas, including the background and geographical background of overseas Chinese, including the western modern ideology brought by overseas Chinese, and the construction of economic foundation of the hometown of overseas Chinese, which is composed of a huge amount of overseas Chinese remittances. The influence of the system at the government level the guiding and urging role of the policies and regulations of urban and rural construction in Guangdong Province at that time, the successful municipal construction experience of Guangzhou, the mainstream city of modern times, and the talent resources of the construction industry, The influence of commodity distribution advantage on the radiation of Kaiping, a relatively backward marginal area. On this basis, Kaiping building management agency was initially established, the building management system was initially formulated and implemented, the modern building construction team and construction industry groups were developed, and the modern construction technology was preliminarily developed and applied. At the same time, professional architects began to intervene in the design of important public buildings and promoted the modernization of Kaiping's urban and rural construction. This paper discusses the construction background, construction process and achievements of Kaiping modern market based on surveying and mapping results and related historical data. Kaiping followed and drew lessons from the relevant policies of Guangzhou municipal improvement, formulated construction procedures, technical requirements, applications for approval, building codes and other related policies or regulations. On this basis, it developed modern municipal facilities and built and rebuilt a number of market cities. Kaiping is an important part of the modernization process of urban and rural construction. Based on a large number of surveying and mapping achievements and documents, this paper discusses the modernization process of modern urban and rural construction in Kaiping. After 1900, due to the influence of overseas Chinese and its investment construction, Kaiping's modern traditional villages have been partially improved. The village environment is gradually improved by the appearance of three improved two-corridor folk houses, Cottage houses, modern blockhouse buildings, concrete roads, concrete ponds, concrete tanning grounds and other agricultural facilities, as well as new sports facilities such as basketball courts and swimming pools. In the later period, the commercial village, a new Yitang model village with modern residential characteristics, was planned and built. In this period, modern public buildings, including modern school buildings, library buildings, hotel buildings, etc., have been designed by professional architects and constructed by modern construction teams. This thesis is one of the research achievements of the project "Research on Modern Chinese Architecture History based on the concept and method of innovative Research" funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Grant No. 50838007).
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU-092

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