相邻工业建筑火灾蔓延的数值模拟研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 17:17

【摘要】：经济建设的飞速发展带动了工业产能的持续提高，同时也增加了工业生产中设备和工艺环节发生火灾的可能性，进而增大了工业建筑火灾的危险性。近年来由此造成的财产损失和人员伤亡事故居高不下，而建筑之间的火灾蔓延往往导致灾害事故的进一步升级。针对这一问题，国家标准《建筑设计防火规范》对不同生产类别工业建筑的防火间距作出了严格的规定。然而由于建筑的多样性和火灾的不定性，仅依据生产类别和耐火极限对所有的工业建筑执行统一标准，使得规范在实施过程中遇到了一些问题。为此亟需我们从性能化防火的角度出发，运用数值模拟的方法，探究火灾在相邻建筑间蔓延的规律及影响因素。本文依据以上思路尝试进行了如下工作： 1.应用数值模拟方法，建立火灾由着火建筑向相邻建筑蔓延的火灾数值模型。 2.对火灾发生后的建筑外部及相邻建筑内部的流场进行分析，得到了火灾蔓延的温度分布、能见度分布及热辐射强度变化情况。 3.依据影响建筑火灾蔓延的因素，分别对开口率、防火间距、火灾载荷三种因素进行影响性分析，，对比分析各场景模拟结果，得到了三种因素对火灾发展蔓延的影响情况及相邻建筑的火灾危险性。本文通过使用大涡模拟技术并应用FDS对工业相邻建筑火灾的蔓延及影响因素的作用情况进行了数值模拟分析，研究结论可为根据建筑物实际情况进行防火设计提供参考，并为工程项目的危险性评估提供依据。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of economic construction has led to the continuous improvement of industrial production capacity, at the same time increased the possibility of fire in equipment and technological links in industrial production, and then increased the danger of industrial building fire. In recent years, the property loss and casualties caused by these accidents remain high, and the fire spread between buildings often leads to the further escalation of disaster accidents. In order to solve this problem, the National Standard for Building Design Fire Protection makes strict regulations on the fire resistance distance of industrial buildings of different production types. However, due to the diversity of buildings and the uncertainty of fire, only according to the category of production and fire resistance limit of all industrial buildings to implement a unified standard, so that the code in the implementation process encountered some problems. Therefore, from the point of view of performance-based fire prevention and numerical simulation, it is urgent for us to explore the law of fire spread between adjacent buildings and its influencing factors. According to the above ideas, this paper tries to do the following work: 1. The numerical model of fire spreading from fire building to adjacent building is established by numerical simulation method. 2. The temperature distribution, visibility distribution and thermal radiation intensity of the fire spread were obtained by analyzing the flow field outside the building and the adjacent building after the fire occurred. 3. According to the factors that affect the spread of building fire, the paper analyzes the influence factors of opening rate, fire prevention distance and fire load, and compares the simulation results of each scene. The influence of three factors on the fire development and spread and the fire risk of adjacent buildings are obtained. In this paper, the large eddy simulation technique and FDS are used to simulate the fire spread of adjacent industrial buildings and the effect of the influencing factors. The conclusions of the study can provide a reference for the fire prevention design according to the actual conditions of the buildings. It also provides the basis for the risk assessment of engineering projects.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU998.1;TU27

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