印度佛教石窟建筑研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 16:33

【摘要】：石窟是佛教寺院的一种特殊形式，是佛教艺术的重要组成部分。最早的佛教石窟产生于印度，后来伴随着佛教的传播，中国也开始出现了石窟。在其漫长的传播和发展中，二者在窟型、造像和壁画方面都有很大的不同。石窟是为了僧人的修行而建，所以必然包含两种功能：宗教活动与生活起居。一处石窟群主要包含两种洞窟类型分别对应着这两种功能：支提窟和精舍窟。随着佛教的兴盛发展与其职能范围的不断扩展，石窟逐渐由单一石凿的洞窟，转变为集建筑、雕塑与壁画为一体的佛教石窟艺术的综合体，并成为人类文化宝库中极为珍贵和重要的组成部分。本文从建筑学的角度出发，结合考古学、美术史等相关学科的基础理论，，通过在国内外的实地考察，在进一步查询文献和搜集整理资料的基础上，对印度佛教石窟从整体到局部分成四个部分进行研究和分析：建筑群体、建筑单体、建筑装饰，并兼谈对中国石窟的影响。本文共分七章，第一章是绪论，提出总体设想，包括课题的来源、课题的研究对象和内容、研究的目的与意义、课题的研究方法，以及国内外的研究现状。第二章是印度佛教和佛教建筑，介绍了印度佛教的产生与兴衰、印度佛教建筑的早期特征和典型实例。第三章是对印度佛教石窟的一个概述，包括其产生的原因、发展的过程，以及一个石窟群可能包含的洞窟类型。第四章是印度佛教石窟建筑群体分析，结合一些实例分析了印度石窟群的选址和形态发展。第五章印度佛教石窟建筑个体分析，从不同时期的形式变化方面分析了石窟建筑的单体及其构件。第六章印度佛教石窟装饰分析，从雕刻和造像以及壁画两方面对石窟的装饰进行了论述。第七章是印度佛教石窟对中国石窟的影响，介绍了中国的石窟是如何在印度石窟的影响下进行本土化演变的。
[Abstract]:Grottoes are a special form of Buddhist monastery and an important part of Buddhist art. The earliest Buddhist grottoes came into being in India, and later along with the spread of Buddhism, China began to appear grottoes. In their long spread and development, they are very different in grottoes, statues and murals. The grottoes are built for monks, so they must have two functions: religious activities and living. A grotto group mainly contains two types of grottoes corresponding to these two functions: Zhiti Grottoes and Jingshe grottoes. With the development of Buddhism and the expansion of its scope of function, the grottoes gradually changed from single stone hollows to a complex of architecture, sculpture and mural art of Buddhist grottoes. And become the treasure house of human culture extremely precious and important component. From the angle of architecture, this paper combines the basic theories of archaeology, art history and other related disciplines, through field investigation at home and abroad, on the basis of further consulting literature and collecting and arranging information. This paper studies and analyzes the Indian Buddhist grottoes divided into four parts from the whole to the part: the architectural group, the architectural monomer, the architectural decoration, and the influence on the Chinese grottoes. This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which puts forward the general idea, including the source of the subject, the object and content of the research, the purpose and significance of the research, the research methods of the subject, and the present situation of the research at home and abroad. The second chapter is Indian Buddhism and Buddhist architecture, introduces the emergence, rise and fall of Indian Buddhism, the early characteristics and typical examples of Indian Buddhist architecture. The third chapter is an overview of the Indian Buddhist grottoes, including its causes, the development of the process, as well as a group of grottoes may contain the types of caves. The fourth chapter is the group analysis of Indian Buddhist grottoes, combined with some examples to analyze the location and morphological development of Indian grottoes. Chapter five analyzes the individual structure of the Indian Buddhist grottoes, and analyzes the individual elements of the grotto architecture from the aspect of the change of form in different periods. The sixth chapter discusses the decoration of Indian Buddhist grottoes from the aspects of carvings, statues and murals. The seventh chapter is the influence of the Indian Buddhist grottoes on the Chinese grottoes, and introduces how the Chinese grottoes evolved locally under the influence of the Indian grottoes.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU252

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