闽东穿斗式大木结构分类与选型

发布时间：2019-01-08 08:20

【摘要】：穿斗式多存在于民居建筑中，没有进入古代以官式建筑为正宗的各种营造则例、法式的视野。二十世纪三十年代，穿斗式大木结构的建筑随着第一批古民居研究者所发现，并就此展开基础性的研究和讨论，并最终将穿斗式定为与抬梁式并重的三种中国古代建筑结构之一。但此后研究基本处于停滞状况，对之研究也鲜见。本文就前人对穿斗式大木结构的相关研究基础之上，选择了穿斗式建筑遗存较丰富的闽东地区，对之进行细致的考察和研究。作为一种中国古代建筑大木结构的基本类型之一的穿斗式，有着与抬梁式截然不同的结构构造，在论文展开叙述前，就各种基本名词和特征进行了描述，总结了当地工匠对此类建筑的描述方法。文章中就穿斗式大木结构的构件做了总体的描述。其中，穿斗式的斗h1由于穿斗体系本身的结构原因相对于抬梁式的斗h1更为特殊，在对斗h1及其变体做量化积累后，依照其使用的位置和功能的不同尝试进行更加适合的分类，并在此基础上做谱系研究，同时列举个案分析。通过对其中典型斗h1的分析总结，进一步推动对穿斗式建筑中的斗h1形制以及演进与发展的研究。最后将研究的中心放在对穿斗式大木结构的分类和选型研究上，论文在既有穿斗式大木构架建筑分类研究基础上，进一步探讨穿斗式大木结构的结构组成、空间形态、类型特征。文章分析了闽东民居建筑诸如正厅、花厅、戏台、卧房、书房、藏书楼以及其他辅助性用房，其建筑的单体功能对结构选型的不同需求，，以及结构类型受闽东地区地域影响所显现出来的精微变化。
[Abstract]:Most of them exist in residential buildings, but do not enter into the ancient official building as the authentic construction code, French vision. In the 1930s, with the discovery of the first group of researchers of ancient folk houses, the buildings with large wooden structures in the bucket style were discovered, and basic research and discussion were carried out on this issue. And finally will wear bucket type and lift beam type as one of the three ancient Chinese architecture structure. But since then the research is basically stagnant, and the research on it is rare. On the basis of the previous researches on the large wooden structure, this paper selects the rich relics of the bucket style architecture in East Fujian, and makes a detailed investigation and study on it. As one of the basic types of large wooden structures in ancient China, the piercing bucket type has distinct structure from the beam-lift type. Before the paper began to describe, various basic nouns and characteristics were described. The method of describing this kind of building by local craftsman is summarized. In this paper, the paper gives a general description of the components of the large wooden structure. Among them, the bucket type bucket H1 is more special than the beam-type bucket H1 because of the structural reasons of the hopper system itself. After the quantification accumulation of the bucket H1 and its variants, it is more suitable to classify according to the different position and function of the bucket H1. And on this basis do genealogical research, and enumerate the case analysis. Through the analysis and summary of the typical bucket H1, the research on the shape, evolution and development of Dou H1 in the pierced bucket architecture is further promoted. Finally, the center of the study is on the classification and selection of the large wooden structure. Based on the research on the classification of the existing wooden structure, the paper further discusses the structure composition and spatial form of the large wooden structure. Type characteristic. This paper analyzes the different demands of the individual functions of the folk houses in the east of Fujian, such as the main hall, flower hall, stage, bedroom, study, library and other auxiliary rooms. And the subtle changes of the structure type by the influence of the region in the east of Fujian.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU366.2;TU-092

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