明长城甘肃镇防御体系及其空间分析研究

发布时间：2019-02-16 11:06

【摘要】：明长城作为珍贵的世界文化遗产，，是军事管理层面的九边重镇与层级组织结构和物质实体层面的各级防御聚落与工程设施，是具有严密的层次性、整体性、系统性的军事防御体系。以往关于甘肃镇的研究主要集中在文物调查和历史地理等学科方面，多关注某一地区、某一类型的防御设施的研究，缺乏对甘肃镇防御体系整体性和多学科的综合研究。本文以明长城甘肃镇防御体系为研究对象，从建筑学的角度，并结合考古学、历史学、社会学等理论，通过文献查阅和实地调研，首先在梳理明“九边”军事制度发展演变的基础上，研究了甘肃镇的建置沿革、军事地位、镇城演变、防守范围等问题；其次，运用系统论中“整体性、层次性、结构功能性、环境相关性”的思想观点，对甘肃镇防御体系的外部环境、构成要素、聚落层级及整体结构进行逐一分析；再次，通过聚落考古学中的空间分析方法和GIS工具，对于甘肃镇防御体系中的长城本体、军事聚落、烽传系统、驿传（交通）系统的外部环境进行研究；最后引入可达域概念，并利用各种不同表现形式、特征及作用的可达域，分别对甘肃镇防御体系构成要素之中的军事聚落、驿站、烽燧、敌台的空间分布进行分析。论文的创新之处主要体现在以下几点：厘清明长城甘肃镇防御体系历史发展脉络；首次从整体角度对明西宁卫长城及军事聚落进行研究；通过绘制军堡空间分布图，揭示甘肃镇军事聚落整体结构特征；提出长城防御体系空间分析的新方法——可达域分析，为长城研究提供一种新的方法与视角。
[Abstract]:As a precious cultural heritage of the world, the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty is the defense settlement and engineering facilities at all levels of the Nine Border towns and the level of organizational structure and material entity in the military management level. It has a tight hierarchy and integrity. A systematic system of military defence Previous studies on Gansu Town mainly focused on the investigation of cultural relics and historical geography, and paid more attention to the study of a certain area and a certain type of defense facilities, lacking of a comprehensive study on the integrity and multi-disciplinary study of the defense system of Gansu Town. This paper takes the defense system of Gansu Town of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty as the research object, from the angle of architecture, combining with the theories of archaeology, history, sociology, etc., through literature review and field investigation. First of all, on the basis of combing the development and evolution of the "Nine sides" military system in Ming Dynasty, this paper studies the establishment and evolution of Gansu Town, the military status, the evolvement of the Town City, and the defensive scope. Secondly, using the system theory of "integrity, hierarchy, structural functionality, environmental relevance", the external environment, components, settlement levels and overall structure of the defense system of Gansu Town are analyzed one by one. Thirdly, through the spatial analysis method and GIS tools in settlement archaeology, the external environment of the Great Wall Noumenon, the military settlement, the beacons system and the post transmission system in the defense system of Gansu Town are studied. Finally, the concept of reachability region is introduced, and the spatial distribution of military settlement, post station, beacon and enemy station among the elements of Gansu town defense system is analyzed by using various forms, characteristics and functions of reachability domain. The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects: clarifying the historical development of the town defense system in Gansu Province of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, studying the Great Wall and the military settlement of the Great Wall of Ming Xining from the whole angle for the first time; By drawing the spatial distribution map of military fortress, the whole structure characteristics of military settlements in Gansu Town are revealed, and a new method of spatial analysis of Great Wall defense system, the reachability analysis, is put forward, which provides a new method and perspective for the study of Great Wall.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.2;TU29

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