壁式粘弹性阻尼器性能试验研究

发布时间：2019-04-13 11:16

【摘要】：目前，结构消能减震技术在土木工程中得到越来越多的应用，不同总类和不同形式的阻尼器被开发出来，用于结构的减震控制。其中，壁式阻尼器是比较新的一种，具有易于安装，便于布置的优势，有着广泛的应用前景，但针对这种特殊形式的阻尼器的耗能特点，以及其设计方法的研究尚不充分。而阻尼器中的粘弹性阻尼器，随着不同种类的粘弹性材料的开发，尤其是高阻尼橡胶的开发应用，粘弹性阻尼器的耗能能力得到提升，其力学性能呈现出新的特征，简单实用准确的粘弹性阻尼器力学模型的开发，对于粘弹性阻尼器的应用与推广有着重要意义。针对上述问题，本文对一种高阻尼橡胶制成的粘弹性阻尼器进行了不同应变幅值、加载频率和环境温度下的基本力学性能试验，老化性能试验以及低周、高周疲劳性能试验，研究试件在不同工况下的剪切存储模量、剪切损失模量和损耗因子等力学参数，及其力学性能的变化规律。其中，对基本力学性能的考察包括100%-420%多个不同应变幅值；低周疲劳试验最大应变达300%，充分研究了该阻尼器在大变形下的性能。试验结果表明：该种阻尼器力学性能与加载频率相关性较小，与温度相关性相对明显，随应变幅值的增加阻尼器表现出软化特征，但其损耗因子始终保持在比较高的水平。阻尼器在小位移和大位移下都有稳定耗能能力，可使用于风振控制和地震响应控制。阻尼器表现出良好的变形能力，在200%大应变下仍能保持稳定的力学性能，达到420%应变时仍未破坏。基于上述试验成果，针对粘弹性阻尼器在地震工程中应用面临的大变形范围，笔者提出了一种能够考虑粘弹性阻尼器性能的应变幅值相关性，并且在一定程度上考虑阻尼器的速度相关性的Bilinear-Kelvin模型，模型模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。然后，采用笔者提出的阻尼器模型将粘弹性和软钢的壁式阻尼器分别附加到一框架中进行地震时程分析，以探究两种阻尼器的减震效果。针对壁式阻尼器这种形式，笔者对其在框架中的变形耗能特性，以及其对框架受力的影响进行理论分析，，提出了相关的简化设计方法和建议，以便于考虑壁式阻尼器的位移放大效应及其对梁内力的影响。
[Abstract]:At present, the structure energy dissipation technology has been more and more used in civil engineering. Different types and different types of dampers have been developed for structural seismic control. Among them, the wall damper is a new one, which has the advantages of easy installation and arrangement, and has a wide application prospect. However, the research on the energy dissipation characteristics of this special type damper and its design method is not enough. With the development of different kinds of viscoelastic materials, especially the development and application of high damping rubber, the energy dissipation capacity of Visco-elastic dampers has been improved, and the mechanical properties of Visco-elastic dampers show new characteristics. The development of a simple, practical and accurate mechanical model of viscoelastic dampers is of great significance for the application and popularization of viscoelastic dampers. In order to solve the above problems, a viscoelastic damper made of high damping rubber was tested under different strain amplitudes, loading frequencies and ambient temperatures, including basic mechanical properties, aging tests and low cycle and high cycle fatigue tests. The mechanical parameters, such as shear storage modulus, shear loss modulus and loss factor, and the variation rule of mechanical properties of the specimen under different working conditions are studied. The basic mechanical properties of the damper include more than 100% / 420% of different strain amplitudes, and the maximum strain of low cycle fatigue test is up to 300%. The performance of the damper under large deformation is fully studied. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the damper have little correlation with the loading frequency, while the temperature dependence is relatively obvious. With the increase of the strain amplitude, the damper shows softening characteristics, but its loss factor remains at a relatively high level all the time. The damper has stable energy dissipation capacity under small displacement and large displacement, and can be used for wind-induced vibration control and seismic response control. The damper has a good deformation ability and can maintain stable mechanical properties under 200% strain, and it is still undamaged when the strain reaches 420%. Based on the above experimental results and aiming at the large deformation range of viscoelastic dampers applied in seismic engineering, a strain amplitude correlation is proposed, which can take into account the performance of viscoelastic dampers. To some extent, the Bilinear-Kelvin model considering the velocity dependence of the damper, the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Then, the viscoelastic and soft steel wall dampers are appended to a frame for seismic time history analysis using the damper model proposed by the author to explore the damping effects of the two dampers. Based on the analysis of the energy dissipation characteristics of the wall damper in the frame and its influence on the force of the frame, some simplified design methods and suggestions are put forward, which can be used to analyze the energy dissipation characteristics of the frame and the influence of the damper on the force of the frame. In order to consider the displacement amplification effect of the wall damper and its influence on the internal force of the beam.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU352.1

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