GPS高程在市政工程测量中的应用研究
发布时间：2019-04-26 01:44
【摘要】：GPS提供的平面坐标精度高且稳定,能够满足生产需要,但通过其获得的高程是大地高,必须施加高程异常改正使之转换成正常高后才能应用于具体测量工程。因此,高程异常的精度直接影响由GPS获得的高程精度。要提高GPS高程的精度,需解决高程异常拟合精度问题。 本文共研究了12种GPS高程异常拟合模型,其中线性模型包括直线拟合、多项式曲线拟合、MLS曲线拟合、正交函数拟合、三次样条拟合和AKIMA曲线拟合：面状模型包括平面拟合、移动曲面拟合、切比雪夫多项式拟合、MLS曲面拟合、移动曲面拟合和多面函数拟合。为方便使用,制作了GPS高程异常拟合系统。该系统攘括了以上12种拟合模型,操作简单。 理论分析及算例结果证明：高程异常的精度受建模点的数量、分布、数据精度及拟合模型等影响；建模点的数量在满足系数求解的基础上增加2个点左右,效果最佳；建模点的分布应尽量“均匀、全局”：建模点的数据精度对拟合精度有直接影响,拟合前一定要先剔除粗差。本文分别对CORS-RTK、GPS静态及常规GPS-RTK这三种测量方式获得的高程在市政工程测量中的应用进行了研究。当建模点数量足够、分布较均匀及精度较好时,选择合适的拟合模型,GPS的高程精度可以达到四等精度(《卫星定位城市测量技术规范》CJJ_T73-2010中的四等精度,下同),可以基本满足其在市政工程中的应用要求。
[Abstract]:The plane coordinates provided by GPS are of high precision and stability, and can meet the needs of production. However, the height obtained through the elevation is geodetic height. It is necessary to apply the correction of height anomaly to the normal height before it can be applied to specific surveying projects. Therefore, the accuracy of height anomaly directly affects the height accuracy obtained by GPS. In order to improve the accuracy of GPS height, it is necessary to solve the problem of height anomaly fitting precision. In this paper, 12 kinds of GPS height anomaly fitting models are studied. The linear models include straight line fitting, polynomial curve fitting, MLS curve fitting, orthogonal function fitting, cubic spline fitting and AKIMA curve fitting. Moving surface fitting, Chebyshev polynomial fitting, MLS surface fitting, moving surface fitting and polyhedral function fitting. In order to facilitate the use, the GPS height anomaly fitting system is made. The system includes the above 12 kinds of fitting models, and the operation is simple. The results of theoretical analysis and numerical examples show that the accuracy of elevation anomaly is affected by the number, distribution, data precision and fitting model of modeling points, and the number of modeling points is increased by about two points on the basis of satisfying the coefficient, which has the best effect. The distribution of modeling points should be "uniform and global" as far as possible: the data precision of modeling points has a direct effect on the fitting accuracy, and gross errors must be eliminated before fitting. In this paper, the application of CORS-RTK,GPS static and conventional GPS-RTK in municipal engineering survey is studied. When the number of modeling points is sufficient, the distribution is uniform and the accuracy is good, the height precision of GPS can reach the fourth-order precision (the fourth-order precision in CJJ_T73-2010) by choosing the appropriate fitting model. It can basically meet the requirements of its application in municipal engineering.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4;TU99
[Abstract]:The plane coordinates provided by GPS are of high precision and stability, and can meet the needs of production. However, the height obtained through the elevation is geodetic height. It is necessary to apply the correction of height anomaly to the normal height before it can be applied to specific surveying projects. Therefore, the accuracy of height anomaly directly affects the height accuracy obtained by GPS. In order to improve the accuracy of GPS height, it is necessary to solve the problem of height anomaly fitting precision. In this paper, 12 kinds of GPS height anomaly fitting models are studied. The linear models include straight line fitting, polynomial curve fitting, MLS curve fitting, orthogonal function fitting, cubic spline fitting and AKIMA curve fitting. Moving surface fitting, Chebyshev polynomial fitting, MLS surface fitting, moving surface fitting and polyhedral function fitting. In order to facilitate the use, the GPS height anomaly fitting system is made. The system includes the above 12 kinds of fitting models, and the operation is simple. The results of theoretical analysis and numerical examples show that the accuracy of elevation anomaly is affected by the number, distribution, data precision and fitting model of modeling points, and the number of modeling points is increased by about two points on the basis of satisfying the coefficient, which has the best effect. The distribution of modeling points should be "uniform and global" as far as possible: the data precision of modeling points has a direct effect on the fitting accuracy, and gross errors must be eliminated before fitting. In this paper, the application of CORS-RTK,GPS static and conventional GPS-RTK in municipal engineering survey is studied. When the number of modeling points is sufficient, the distribution is uniform and the accuracy is good, the height precision of GPS can reach the fourth-order precision (the fourth-order precision in CJJ_T73-2010) by choosing the appropriate fitting model. It can basically meet the requirements of its application in municipal engineering.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P228.4;TU99
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