创新和成长导向下的大学校园声环境及建设策略研究

发布时间：2019-04-28 20:30

【摘要】：在知识经济时代，知识创新和人才培养已经成为生产力发展和国家强盛的最核心动力，因此被世界各国广泛的重视。世界一流大学正是知识创新和人才培养的殿堂。中国的大学就在校率指标而言，已经完成了由精英化教育向大众化教育的转变，但从质量上看，距离世界一流大学还有一定的距离。于此同时，校园噪声污染日趋普遍，使用者认为校园声环境并不那么舒适，甚至对其学习和生活造成了诸多影响。本文以校园声环境为研究介质，深入研究了知识创新、身心成长和校园声环境特征以及它们之间的关系，并据此提出了创新成长型校园的建设策略。在知识创新对声环境的需求研究中，以英国大学为研究案例，从其发展脉络和实地调研入手，引入知识创新螺旋理论，对大学校园的建设模式、功能和声环境特征进行了分析。研究发现，英国大学对于隐性知识的获取非常重视，从教学形式、空间功能、空间尺度等方面都在迎合和引导学术交流的产生，校园空间也因此呈现复合化、均布化、人性化和城市化的特征。在校园声环境要素的研究中，运用扎根理论方法，提出了校园声环境研究的四大要素，分别是“个体特征”、“关注度和心理认知”、“活动类型”和“声音特征”，其中“活动类型”是其中的核心要素。在身心成长对声环境的需求研究中，运用扎根理论方法，从第一手资料入手提出了保持身心成长理论。研究发现，人的成长主要源于两个方面，它们是“自身需求的提升并实现”和“外界环境的互动与修正”，于此同时揭示了保持成长的六个关键性要素，分别是“去冒险”、“自省”、“坚持”、“饥渴感”、“知觉现实”和“被肯定”。进一步分析发现，，校园声环境应有利于进行互动交流、静心思考、精力恢复、社会交往和知识获取活动。在声环境的客观特征研究中，对哈尔滨市3所大学的5个校区进行了测试，测试涵盖了大学校园的各类系统，重点分析了声压级的相关指标，并得出了相关的对比分析结论。在声环境的主观特征研究中，对5个省份的8所大学师生进行了问卷调查，主要研究了声源影响、身心成长速度、总体声环境满意度以及校园活动受烦扰度之间的关系。研究发现，身心成长速度仅与“学术交流”和“静心思考”活动有显著性差异，与其他校园活动无显著性差异。同时，体育活动的声环境质量不会影响到人们对校园声环境的总体满意度评价。在建设策略的研究中，根据对知识创新、身心成长和声环境特征的基础性研究，以知识创新和身心成长为导向，提出了校园建设的创新成长层级关系理论，并对校园各系统声环境下的创新成长行为进行了分析。最终，基于校园声环境，结合创新成长层级关系理论，对校园教学系统、居住系统、餐饮及商业系统、绿地及体育系统、道路系统提出了相应的建设策略，并对建设指标提出了修改建议。
[Abstract]:In the era of knowledge economy, knowledge innovation and talent training have become the core driving force for the development of productive forces and the strength and prosperity of the country, so they have been paid more and more attention by many countries all over the world. The world's first-class universities are the palace of knowledge innovation and talent training. China's universities have completed the transformation from elite education to popular education in terms of school rate, but in terms of quality, there is still a certain distance from the world's first-class universities. At the same time, the campus noise pollution is becoming more and more common, users think that the campus sound environment is not so comfortable, and even has a lot of impact on their study and life. Taking the campus sound environment as the research medium, this paper deeply studies the knowledge innovation, physical and mental growth and the characteristics of campus sound environment as well as the relationship between them, and then puts forward the construction strategy of the innovative growth campus. In the research on the demand for sound environment of knowledge innovation, this paper takes the British university as a case, starts with its development vein and field investigation, introduces the spiral theory of knowledge innovation, and analyzes the construction mode of university campus, the characteristics of function and harmony environment. The research finds that British universities attach great importance to the acquisition of tacit knowledge, and cater to and guide the emergence of academic exchanges from the aspects of teaching form, spatial function, spatial scale and so on. Therefore, the campus space is also presented with compound and uniform distribution. The characteristics of humanization and urbanization. In the study of the factors of campus acoustic environment, using the method of rooted theory, this paper puts forward the four major elements of the study of campus acoustic environment, namely, "individual characteristics", "attention and psychological cognition", "activity types" and "sound characteristics", which are called "individual characteristics", "psychological cognition", "activity types" and "sound characteristics". Among them, "activity type" is the core element. In the research on the needs of physical and mental growth to sound environment, the theory of maintaining physical and mental growth is put forward based on the first-hand data by taking root theory. The research finds that people's growth mainly stems from two aspects, they are "the promotion and realization of their own needs" and "the interaction and correction of the external environment". At the same time, it reveals the six key elements of maintaining growth, namely, "to take risks". Introspection, persistence, hunger, reality and affirmation. Further analysis shows that the campus sound environment should be conducive to interactive communication, meditation, energy recovery, social interaction and knowledge acquisition activities. In the study of the objective characteristics of sound environment, five campuses of three universities in Harbin were tested. The tests covered all kinds of systems of university campus. The related indexes of sound pressure level were analyzed emphatically, and the relevant comparative analysis conclusions were drawn. In the study of the subjective characteristics of acoustic environment, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 8 universities in five provinces. The relationship between sound source impact, physical and mental growth speed, overall acoustic environment satisfaction and disturbance degree of campus activities was studied. It is found that the speed of physical and mental growth is only significantly different from the activities of "academic exchange" and "meditation", but there is no significant difference between the speed of physical and mental growth and other campus activities. At the same time, the sound environment quality of sports activities will not affect the overall satisfaction evaluation of campus sound environment. In the study of construction strategy, according to the basic research on the characteristics of knowledge innovation, physical and mental growth and sound environment, and guided by knowledge innovation and physical and mental growth, this paper puts forward the theory of the relationship between the levels of innovation and growth in campus construction. At the same time, the innovative growth behavior under the sound environment of each system on campus is analyzed. Finally, based on the sound environment of campus, combined with the theory of innovative growth hierarchy relationship, this paper puts forward the corresponding construction strategies for the campus teaching system, residential system, catering and commercial system, green space and sports system, road system, and so on. At the same time, some suggestions are put forward to modify the construction index.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.14;TU112

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