无收益水量控制方法绩效研究

发布时间：2019-04-29 08:49

【摘要】：由于供水管网的漏损、计量误差和用户盗水等原因,全球每年损失480亿立方米以上的自来水。保守估计,全球每年的无收益水量(Non Revenue Water,NRW)损失高达140亿美元以上。每年的漏损越来越严重,可利用的水资源也在不断减少。因此,供水管网管理人员迫切需要找到有效的措施来解决管网漏损问题。减少无收益水量的方法很多,主要是根据经验判断维修和更新漏损管道,同时降低不必要的管段压力以减少新爆管的发生。虽然,供水管网的管理者很看重如何优化资源改善操作,但是目前无收益水量的降低方法很难衡量计算,无收益水量降低的目标也难以设定。基于以上的研究现状,本文首先总结了自来水公司降低无收益水量的现有措施和目标设定方法。漏损经济水平(Economic Level of Leakage,ELL)是最重要,也是比较难衡量计算的降低无收益水量方法之一。降低无收益水量方法的成本要低于漏水的损失。因此,在经济可持续方面,降低无收益水量有最低经济限度。其限度一般根据当地的水价、物价等水平因地而异。在降低无收益水量的目标比较清晰时,分析总结各种实用方法就尤为关键。虽然近些年传统的方法并没有显著改善,但是理论知识和现代技术却有了明显提高。如何选择最合适的方法是供水管网管理者最急需解决的难题之一。为帮助供水管网管理者,近些年学者研发了多种工具来评价不同无收益水量降低方法的效果。这些工具称之为决策支持系统,它整合多种因素(操作因素:管长,节点数,管网压力;经济因素:水价,预算,维修费用;额外因素:城镇规划、交通、植被改善等)以尽可能全面地向水务公司提供相关的规划建议与操作指南,指导生产。本研究以中国某城市的实际管网作为研究对象,利用其实际管网数据进行统计分析,以期得到不同方法的无收益水量降低效果评价。为了得到可靠的结果,本研究比较了多种统计方法:图论分析,拟合度分析,秩相关分析和主成分分析。本文多次强调收集数据质量的重要性和区域计量分区(DMA)大小的关键性。虽然对于特定的供水管网操作无法提供健全的结论建议,但是可以为今后进一步研究提供有效指导方。
[Abstract]:Due to leakage of water supply network, measurement error and user theft, more than 48 billion cubic meters of tap water is lost in the world every year. Conservatively, the world's annual loss of unprofitable water, (Non Revenue Water,NRW, amounts to more than $14 billion. Annual leakage is becoming more and more serious, and available water resources are decreasing. Therefore, water supply network managers urgently need to find effective measures to solve the problem of pipe network leakage. There are many ways to reduce the unprofitable water flow, mainly by judging the maintenance and renewal of leakage pipeline according to experience, and reducing the unnecessary pressure of pipe segment to reduce the occurrence of new burst pipe. Although the managers of water supply network attach great importance to how to optimize the operation of resource improvement, it is very difficult to measure and calculate the reduction method of unprofitable water, and the goal of reducing unprofitable water quantity is also difficult to set. Based on the above-mentioned research situation, this paper summarizes the existing measures and target setting methods for water supply companies to reduce non-profit water. Leakage economic level (Economic Level of Leakage,ELL) is one of the most important and difficult to measure methods for reducing unprofitable water volume. The cost of reducing unprofitable water is lower than the loss of leakage. Therefore, in terms of economic sustainability, there is a minimum economic limit for reducing non-yield water. Its limits are generally based on local water prices, prices and other levels vary from place to place. When the goal of reducing unprofitable water is clear, it is very important to analyze and summarize all kinds of practical methods. Although traditional methods have not improved significantly in recent years, theoretical knowledge and modern technology have improved significantly. How to choose the most suitable method is one of the most urgent problems for water supply network managers. In order to help the managers of water supply networks, many tools have been developed in recent years to evaluate the effects of different methods for reducing unprofitable water supply. These tools are called decision support systems, which integrate a variety of factors (operational factors: tube length, number of nodes, pipe network pressure; economic factors: water price, budget, maintenance costs; Additional factors: town planning, transportation, vegetation improvement, etc.) to provide water companies with relevant planning advice and operational guidelines as comprehensive as possible to guide production. In this study, the actual pipe network of a city in China was taken as the research object, and the actual pipe network data was used for statistical analysis, in order to get the evaluation of the effect of different methods of reducing the non-profit water quantity. In order to obtain reliable results, this study compares a variety of statistical methods: graph theory analysis, fitting degree analysis, rank correlation analysis and principal component analysis. In this paper, the importance of collecting data quality and the importance of (DMA) size in regional measurement are emphasized. Although it is not possible to provide sound conclusions and suggestions for the operation of specific water supply networks, it can provide effective guidance for further research.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU991.6

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