基于生态学原理的澧水风光带生态景观研究与设计

发布时间：2019-04-30 20:22

【摘要】：从生态的角度理解，城市滨水区是水域生态系统和城市陆地生态系统的交接地带，亦是生态敏感脆弱区。传统的硬质滨水景观让滨水区环境污染、资源衰竭和生态失衡等问题日益严重。国内外开始本着可持续发展的原则重审滨水景观生态方面的规划设计。不论是国外从反自然的人类中心主义走向生态中心论，还是国内从盲目西化的建设方式转变向让自然做功的城市河道设计的现代理念，都指明新型的滨水景观建设的生态型趋势。湖南澧县总人口88万，总面积2107.3平方公里，澧水风光带项目（东起羊湖口泵站至张公庙大桥）全长约21.7公里，其水体自净能力、滨水植物生态效益、河流微气候调节等环境影响力对城市环境的影响巨大，本文将景观生态学、环境生态学、植物生态学等生态环境相关理论与项目实践结合，探讨滨水生态建设方式。应用环境生态学理论从自然资源合理利用、环境保护和资源可持续利用三方面，探索防治空气、水、土壤污染的生态技术或其他改善环境质量的生态途径。应用植物生态学理论，对规划中的植物种类、生态配置、环境功能进行归纳，在“适地适树”原则下，设计最佳配置。以有限的空间，达到植物改善环境质量的最佳效果。基于景观生态学理论的支持，保证物种生存所必需的自然栖息环境，在景区规划的整体格局上秉持大面积生态功能性斑块为主的建设策略，并在保障旅游区正常周转的前提下，严格控制建筑量和硬质交通廊道对环境的干扰。应用景观生态学中斑块廊道基质模型来分析、改进澧水风光带规划的景观效果。通过实地考察和内业分析，将规划区域景观元素归纳为水域、生态湿地、沙石滩、绿地、建筑、广场6大斑块类型；为研究考察景区内可达性，，将人行步道、自行车道、车行道、车行道这四类廊道类型；为讨论规划中的景区绿化带生态质量，找出景区内的绿化廊道共9条。分别对斑块系统、景区交通廊道系统、绿化廊道系统进行要素分析。通过对规划数据进行景观格局指数分析，规划的景观构成中规划的景观构成中人造景观仅占1.26%，服务性人造自然景观占比30.42%，景观多样性指数为0.4144，景观破碎度为0.018，景观均匀度指数是0.5326，景观优势度指数为0.4674，景观分维度指数均接近于1.景区交通廊道的连接性指数为0.5333；绿化廊道的连接性指数为0.75。景观指数分析结果表明规划后澧水风光带的建设对滨水景观生态格局影响不大，景观既分布均匀也重点突出，提高了生态系统的抗干扰能力，但其中景观多样性不高的情况可以通过后期加强水上景观建设来改进。
[Abstract]:From the point of view of ecology, urban waterfront is the junction zone between water ecosystem and urban terrestrial ecosystem, and is also an ecologically sensitive and fragile area. The traditional rigid waterfront landscape makes the waterfront environment pollution, resource exhaustion and ecological imbalance more and more serious. At home and abroad, it begins to review the planning and design of waterfront landscape ecology according to the principle of sustainable development. Whether it is from anti-natural anthropocentrism to eco-centrism in foreign countries, or from the blind westernization of construction in China to the modern concept of urban river design, which allows nature to do its work, Both points out the ecological trend of new waterfront landscape construction. With a total population of 880000 and a total area of 2107.3 square kilometers, Lixian County, Hunan Province, has a total length of about 21.7km from Yanghukou pumping Station to Zhanggongmiao Bridge in Lishui County, with a total length of 21.7 km. The water body self-purification capacity and ecological benefits of waterfront plants are achieved. The influence of river microclimate regulation on urban environment is great. This paper combines landscape ecology, environmental ecology, plant ecology and other ecological environment theories with project practice to discuss the way of coastal water ecological construction. From the aspects of rational utilization of natural resources, environmental protection and sustainable utilization of resources, the theory of environmental ecology is applied to explore ecological techniques for the prevention and control of air, water and soil pollution or other ecological ways to improve the quality of the environment. Based on the theory of plant ecology, this paper sums up the plant species, ecological allocation and environmental function in the planning, and designs the optimal allocation under the principle of "suitable for the ground and suitable for trees". With limited space, plants to improve the environmental quality of the best effect. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, to ensure the natural habitat necessary for the survival of species, to uphold the construction strategy of large-area ecological functional patches in the overall pattern of scenic area planning, and to ensure the normal turnover of tourist areas under the premise of ensuring the normal turnover of tourist areas. Strict control of the construction volume and rigid traffic corridors to the environment interference. The patch corridor matrix model in landscape ecology was used to analyze and improve the landscape effect of Lishui landscape planning. Through on-the-spot investigation and internal analysis, the landscape elements of the planning area are classified into six types: water area, ecological wetland, sand and stone beach, green land, building and square. In order to study the reachability of the scenic spot, four kinds of corridor types, such as pedestrian walkway, bicycle track and car lane, were selected. In order to discuss the ecological quality of the green zone in the planned scenic spot, nine green corridors in the scenic spot were found out. Separately to patch system, scenic area traffic corridor system, green corridor system carries on the factor analysis. Through the landscape pattern index analysis of the planning data, the artificial landscape accounted for only 1.26% of the planned landscape composition, the service artificial natural landscape accounted for 30.42%, and the landscape diversity index was 0.4144 4. The landscape fragmentation index is 0.018, the landscape evenness index is 0.5326, the landscape dominance index is 0.4674, and the landscape fractal dimension index is close to 1. 1. The connectivity index of traffic corridor is 0.533 3, and the connectivity index of green corridor is 0.75. The result of landscape index analysis shows that the construction of Lishui wind belt has little influence on the ecological pattern of waterfront landscape after planning, the landscape distribution is uniform and the emphasis is prominent, and the anti-interference ability of ecosystem is improved. But the landscape diversity is not high, which can be improved by strengthening the water landscape construction in the later period.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.18;P901

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