基于组合挖掘的反铲液压挖掘机工作装置优化设计

发布时间：2019-05-30 09:58

【摘要】：液压挖掘机作为工程机械的标兵产品，在道路建筑、城市规划以及能源建设等领域发挥决定性的作用，而工作装置作为液压挖掘机的核心机构，其工作性能是整机设计水平的重要标志。基于现状，国内挖掘机多半模仿国外典型机型的标杆产品进行改进设计，但是在实际挖掘过程中常出现挖掘力不足、工作效率低和燃油经济性差等现象，本文提出了基于组合挖掘的液压挖掘机工作装置优化设计新方法。经多次试验测试，挖掘机的习惯工作轨迹表明复合挖掘和斗杆挖掘在实际挖掘过程中发挥着重要的作用，每台挖掘机针对不同的挖掘对象，各具习惯的工作路径。本文提出的组合挖掘方式包括基于作业路径上的多段单缸挖掘轨迹的组合和基于可行区域内离散点的双缸同时主动复合作用两种，建立新的性能分析模型后，综合分析比较国内外先进的挖掘机挖掘性能参数，可以理论上解释国产挖掘机的挖掘性能缺陷，证明了基于组合挖掘的挖掘机性能分析方法可以更加准确的表达出挖掘机的挖掘性能。针对新的性能分析方法数学模型，抽取工作装置的铰点布置参数作为设计变量，加上有效的约束函数，可以设计出追求挖掘力大小、燃油经济性更好的优化产品。建立优化数学模型后，通过遗传算法求解多目标函数，优化结果显示挖掘机的挖掘性能在习惯作业路径上最大挖掘力提高了10%,双缸复合挖掘时工作油缸的充分发挥比例提高了13%以及最大复合挖掘力提高了8%，证明新优化方法在提高挖掘性能上的可行性。最后通过VB语言编制液压挖掘机的工作装置优化设计通用软件，给国产液压挖掘机提供更高更有效的设计平台。本文具体的研究内容包括以下： ①熟悉了液压挖掘机工作特点，建立挖掘机整机运动学、力学模型，求解推算工作装置的铰点坐标及整机挖掘力大小数学表达式，为挖掘性能分析提供理论依据。 ②概述目前普遍的挖掘机挖掘性能分析及相应的优化设计方法，阐述基于组合挖掘性能分析方法的建模思想及可行性，，利用VB语言编制基于新的性能分析方法及优化方法的通用软件。 ③针对某国产36吨液压挖掘机及其标杆产品基于组合挖掘方式进行挖掘性能分析，对比习惯作业路径上挖掘机大小、充分发挥的比例以及复合挖掘力的大小、充分发挥比例，验证性的性能分析方法的准确性。 ④建立基于组合挖掘方式的工作装置优化设计新方法，并针对有性能缺陷的国产挖掘机进行工作装置优化改进设计，通过遗传算法求解优化数学模型，最后对比优化前后挖掘机挖掘性能，证明新的优化算法提高挖掘机挖掘性能的可行性。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic excavator, as the standard product of construction machinery, plays a decisive role in road construction, urban planning and energy construction, and the working device is the core organization of hydraulic excavator. Its working performance is an important symbol of the design level of the whole machine. Based on the present situation, most of the domestic excavators imitate the benchmarking products of typical foreign models to improve the design, but in the actual excavation process, there are often some phenomena, such as insufficient excavating power, low working efficiency and poor fuel economy. In this paper, a new method of optimal design of hydraulic excavator working device based on combined mining is presented. Through many experiments and tests, the customary working track of excavator shows that compound mining and bucket rod mining play an important role in the actual mining process. Each excavator has its own customary working path for different mining objects. The combined mining methods proposed in this paper include the combination of multi-segment single-cylinder mining tracks on the job path and the simultaneous active recombination of two cylinders based on discrete points in the feasible area. After establishing a new performance analysis model, Comprehensive analysis and comparison of advanced excavator mining performance parameters at home and abroad can theoretically explain the mining performance defects of domestic excavators. It is proved that the performance analysis method of excavator based on combination mining can express the mining performance of excavator more accurately. According to the mathematical model of the new performance analysis method, the hinge point layout parameters of the working device can be selected as design variables, and the effective constraint function can be used to design the optimized products which pursue the size of excavating force and fuel economy. After the optimization mathematical model is established, the multi-objective function is solved by genetic algorithm. The optimization results show that the mining performance of the excavator is increased by 10% in the customary operation path. The full play proportion of the working cylinder and the maximum compound excavation force are increased by 13% and 8% respectively, which proves the feasibility of the new optimization method in improving the mining performance. Finally, the general software of optimal design of hydraulic excavator is compiled by VB language, which provides a higher and more effective design platform for domestic hydraulic excavator. The specific research contents of this paper include the following: 1 familiar with the working characteristics of the hydraulic excavator, establishing the kinematic and mechanical model of the excavator, solving the coordinate of the hinge point of the working device and the mathematical expression of the excavating force of the whole machine, It provides a theoretical basis for mining performance analysis. (2) this paper summarizes the common excavator mining performance analysis and the corresponding optimization design method, and expounds the modeling idea and feasibility based on the combined mining performance analysis method. The general software based on the new performance analysis method and optimization method is programmed with VB language. (3) the mining performance of a domestic 36-ton hydraulic excavator and its benchmarking products is analyzed based on the combination mining method, and the excavator size, the proportion of full play and the compound excavating force on the customary operation path are compared, and the proportion is brought into full play. The accuracy of verifiable performance analysis methods. (4) A new method of optimal design of working device based on combination mining is established, and the optimization design of working device is carried out for domestic excavator with performance defects, and the optimization mathematical model is solved by genetic algorithm. Finally, compared with the excavator mining performance before and after optimization, it is proved that the new optimization algorithm is feasible to improve the excavator mining performance.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU621

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