电解锰废渣再生陶瓷砖的试验研究

发布时间：2019-06-17 21:20

【摘要】：中国的锰矿资源非常丰富，是世界上主要的锰矿与锰产品生产地之一。其中生产金属锰的主要方法为电解法，该生产过程会排放大量滤渣—电解锰废渣。目前多作填埋处理，尚无有效利用途径，严重污染环境。因此，本文以电解锰废渣为主要研究对象，采用半干压成型法，将电解锰废渣与其他工业废渣（如废弃陶瓷、废玻璃等）复合，制备再生陶瓷墙地砖，研究原材料组成、烧成制度、成型条件等对再生陶瓷墙地砖性能的影响。具体研究内容如下： 1、原材料的理化分析。电解锰废渣、废陶瓷磨细粉和废玻璃粉三种材料的主要化学成分都含有SiO2、A12O3、CaO，在化学组成上满足制备陶瓷砖原料的要求。XRD分析表明电解锰废渣主要矿物组成为CaSO42H2O、 SiO2等，经TG-DSC热重分析可知，CaSO42H2O在450℃左右开始分解并释放出SO2，这对烧成制度的确立有重要参考意义。采用SEM（电镜扫描）显微测试观察表明电解锰废渣呈柱、粒状，混杂交织结构，平均粒径为10μm，废陶瓷磨细粉和废玻璃粉颗粒及孔隙比前者都大，这三种原料颗粒、孔隙大小不同，颗粒更能充分混合均匀，压制成致密的坯体。 2、电解锰废渣-废陶瓷磨细粉制备再生陶瓷墙地砖的研究。以抗压强度和吸水率、气孔率为主要参考指标以表征试样的性能，研究再生陶瓷墙地砖的配合比及烧成制度，探讨烧成制度对其性能的影响。研究表明：最佳配合比为10%电解锰废渣、90%废陶瓷磨细粉，最佳烧成制度为：烧成温度为1150℃，保温时间为90min，成型压力为100kN，半干压成型时的拌和用水量为8%制得的试块的吸水率为0.75%，抗压强度为25.2Mpa，各项性能指标符合GB/4100-2006《陶瓷砖》中BIb类标准。 3、电解锰废渣-废玻璃粉-废陶瓷磨细粉制备再生陶瓷墙地砖的研究。通过设计正交试验，确定了材料最佳配合比为电解锰废渣14.3%，废玻璃粉40.0%，，废陶瓷磨细粉45.7%，以抗压强度、吸水率及气孔率为主要参考指标表征试样的性能，得到最佳烧成制度为烧成温度为1100℃，保温时间为30min，成型压力为100kN及半干压成型时的拌和用水量为10%制得的试块各项性能指标如下：吸水率为0.24%，气孔率为0.46%，抗压强度为28.8MPa。各项性能指标符合GB/4100-2006《陶瓷砖》中BIa类标准。 4、烧成温度、保温时间及成型压力等因素对再生陶瓷墙地砖的强度、吸水率和气孔率等技术指标影响显著。上述各因素影响程度大小依次为：烧成温度保温时间成型压力。随烧成温度、保温时间、成型压力的提高，陶瓷砖抗压强度呈先增大而后降低的趋势，陶瓷砖吸水率及气孔率呈先降低后增大的趋势。
[Abstract]:The manganese ore resources in China are very rich, one of the main manganese and manganese products in the world. In which the main method for producing the metal manganese is an electrolytic process, and the production process can discharge a large amount of the electrolytic manganese waste residue of the filter residue. At present, the landfill treatment is not available, and there is no effective way to take advantage of the route and seriously pollute the environment. In this paper, the electrolytic manganese residue is used as the main research object, the semi-dry pressure forming method is adopted, and the electrolytic manganese waste residue is compounded with other industrial waste residues (such as waste ceramic, waste glass and the like), and the regenerated ceramic wall and floor tile is prepared, the raw material composition and the firing system are researched, The effect of forming conditions on the performance of the ceramic wall and floor tile. The specific contents of the study are as follows: 1. Physical and chemical separation of raw materials The main chemical components of the three materials of electrolytic manganese residue, waste ceramic ground powder and waste glass powder contain SiO2, A12O3 and CaO, and the preparation of the ceramic tile raw materials is satisfied on the chemical composition. The results of XRD analysis show that the main mineral of the electrolytic manganese residue is CaSO42H2O, SiO2 and so on. It can be seen from the thermogravimetric analysis of TG-DSC that the CaSO42H2O starts to decompose and release the SO2 at about 450 鈩

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