大跨建筑表皮的参数化设计方法研究

发布时间：2019-06-18 14:28

【摘要】：随着计算机的发展，参数化的设计工具已经在建筑领域方兴未艾，但多数人对参数化的认知还停留在它是一种能设计各种自由形态的工具，不可否认，实现各种自由形态的建筑是参数化工具的一大功用，但更主要的是它还是一种全面辅助建筑师设计的方法，并可应用在建筑设计的各个环节。大跨度建筑具有结构制约性强、空间体量大和文化指向性强这三个不同于一般建筑的特点，这些特点通过表皮的四大职能来实现，包括功能职能、生态职能、形式职能和建造职能。本文从认知心理学的角度分析了设计客体的本质、设计主体的思维规律以及参数化平台在设计思维中的优势与局限，并依此为理论依据构建了大跨建筑表皮的设计方法，并在参数化平台的能力范围内确定了具体的设计步骤，即设计要求的参数化图解建构、设计矛盾处理顺序的参数化建构及设计图解的参数化实现。在设计要求的参数化图解建构方面，本文搭建了一条完整的“生成—检测—决策”参数化循环链条，并将围绕设计要求收集来的参数分为生成参数、检测参数和决策参数三类。在设计链条的每一个环节中，都依据“元设计”的思维类型组织这些参数，以提高设计效率。在设计矛盾处理顺序的参数化建构方面，本文依据系统科学理论分析了大跨建筑表皮三个矛盾系统（表皮形态矛盾系统、表皮孔洞矛盾系统和表皮附着材料矛盾系统）的空间结构和时间结构，并根据矛盾的类型和解决矛盾时应用的方法，判定矛盾解决的难易程度。而后利用特征向量法为矛盾各方赋权，确定矛盾处理的先后顺序，并用计算机编程实现自动查询。在设计图解的参数化实现方面，本文依据人脑的记忆模式建立了数据分类准则、数据表达方式以及数据库的设计方法，并演示了材料、结构和构造数据库的多种查询方式。最后以查询到的解为原型，通过相应的参数变化丰富大跨建筑表皮的形态。总之，本文将参数化视为一系列辅助设计思维的工具与方法的集合（参数化平台），并努力挖掘它在计算、记忆和可视化方面的优势，使其能减少建筑师在设计过程中迭代的次数，并提高每次迭代的速度，，最终使建筑师可以将更多的时间和精力投入到电脑尚不能替代的创造活动中去。
[Abstract]:With the development of computer, parametric design tools are in the ascendant in the field of architecture, but most people's cognition of parametrization is still in that it is a tool that can design all kinds of free forms. It is undeniable that the realization of various free forms of architecture is a great function of parametric tools, but more importantly, it is still a comprehensive aided architect design method, and can be applied in every link of architectural design. Long-span buildings have the characteristics of strong structural constraints, large space volume and strong cultural directivity, which are different from those of general architecture. These characteristics are realized through the four functions of the skin, including functional functions, ecological functions, formal functions and construction functions. From the point of view of cognitive psychology, this paper analyzes the essence of the design object, the thinking law of the design subject and the advantages and limitations of the parametric platform in the design thinking, and constructs the design method of the long-span building skin on the basis of this theory, and determines the concrete design steps within the scope of the ability of the parametric platform, that is, the parametric graphic construction of the design requirements. The parametric construction of design contradiction processing sequence and the parametric realization of design diagram. In the aspect of parametric graphic construction of design requirements, a complete "generation-detection-decision" parametric cycle chain is built in this paper, and the parameters collected around the design requirements are divided into three categories: generation parameters, detection parameters and decision parameters. In every link of the design chain, these parameters are organized according to the thinking type of meta-design in order to improve the design efficiency. In the aspect of parametric construction of design contradiction processing sequence, this paper analyzes the spatial structure and time structure of three contradiction systems (skin shape contradiction system, skin hole contradiction system and skin attachment material contradiction system) of long-span building epidermis according to the theory of system science, and determines the difficulty of solving contradiction according to the type of contradiction and the method applied to solve the contradiction. Then the eigenvector method is used to empower the parties to the contradiction, to determine the order of dealing with the contradiction, and to realize the automatic query with computer programming. In the aspect of parametric implementation of design diagram, this paper establishes data classification criteria, data representation and database design methods according to the memory pattern of human brain, and demonstrates a variety of query methods for material, structure and database construction. Finally, taking the queried solution as the prototype, the shape of the skin of the long-span building is enriched by the corresponding parameter changes. In a word, parametrization is regarded as a collection of tools and methods of aided design thinking (parametric platform), and efforts are made to excavate its advantages in calculation, memory and visualization, so that it can reduce the number of iterations in the design process, improve the speed of each iteration, and finally enable the architect to devote more time and energy to the creative activities that can not be replaced by the computer.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU201.4

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