微藻净化厌氧发酵废液制取生物柴油的研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 23:28

本文关键词：微藻净化厌氧发酵废液制取生物柴油的研究　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了高效净化厌氧发酵废液中的碳氮磷和重金属等污染物并实现废液的资源化利用,本文利用微藻突变体在通入高浓度C02条件下进行生长调控,明显提高了微藻生物质产量和污染物脱除效率。利用有机氮源配合碳源对微藻突变体进行兼养,通过优化碳氮成分显著提高了生物柴油产率。采用核诱变的小球藻突变体Chlorella PY-ZU1生长调控净化猪粪厌氧发酵废液,通入15%(v/v)高浓度C02明显补充了猪粪厌氧发酵废液中可利用碳源不足的缺陷。接种前曝气和增加磷源明显缩短了微藻在猪粪厌氧发酵废液中的生长迟滞期,从而使微藻的生物质产量和生长速率分别提高到4.81g/L和601.2mg/L/d,同时使COD去除率达到79%,氨氮去除率达到73%,总磷去除率达到95%以上。微藻生物质对废液中铅、镉、汞、砷的富集能力高达30-200倍,但净化废液后收获的藻粉中富集的重金属含量仍然远低于NRC饲料标准对各种重金属的限值。针对城市餐厨垃圾的厌氧发酵废液(碳氮成分更不均衡：与猪粪厌氧发酵废液相比COD降低一半而氨氮增加一半),采用核诱变的小球藻突变体Chlorella PY-ZU1进行高效净化。小球藻在餐厨厌氧发酵废液中的生长完全没有迟滞期,接种前曝气48h可以有效促进小球藻生长并提高污染物去除率,使生物质干重和生长速率分别提高到4.32g/L和472.5mg/L/d,同时使COD去除率达到55%,氨氮去除率达到80%,总磷去除率达到99%。为了提高微藻生长富集油脂转化制生物柴油的产率,采用酵母提取物等有机氮源配合葡萄糖等碳源对核诱变的菱形藻突变体Nitzschia ZJU2进行兼养(即将光合作用自养与有机碳源异养相结合)。葡萄糖为最佳碳源,当葡萄糖浓度为10g/L时油脂产率达到峰值。有机氮源优于无机氮源,当酵母提取物浓度达到1.5g/L时油脂产率峰值为164.50mg/L/d,达到异养的3倍和自养的8倍。兼养油脂中C16-C19脂肪酸比例达到89.13%,高于异养和自养,不饱和脂肪酸含量较低,适合制取生物柴油。
[Abstract]:In order to purify the pollutants such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in the anaerobic fermentation waste liquid and realize the utilization of the waste liquor, the microalgae mutants were used to control the growth under the condition of high concentration CO2. The biomass yield and pollutant removal efficiency of microalgae were significantly improved, and organic nitrogen source combined with carbon source was used to raise microalgae mutants, and the yield of biodiesel was significantly increased by optimizing carbon and nitrogen composition. The nuclear mutagenesis mutant Chlorella PY-ZU1 was used to control the growth and purification of anaerobic fermentation waste from pig manure. Go in 15 / v / v). High concentration of CO2 significantly supplemented the deficiency of available carbon source in pig manure anaerobic fermentation waste liquid. Aeration before inoculation and increase of phosphorus source significantly shortened the growth delay period of microalgae in pig manure anaerobic fermentation waste liquor. The biomass yield and growth rate of microalgae were increased to 4.81 g / L and 601.2 mg / L / d, respectively. Meanwhile, the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen reached 79% and 73% respectively. The removal rate of total phosphorus was more than 95%. The enrichment capacity of microalgae biomass to lead cadmium mercury and arsenic in waste liquid was 30-200 times. However, the concentration of heavy metals in algae powder after purifying the waste liquid is still far below the limit of NRC feed standard for all kinds of heavy metals. Anaerobic fermentation waste for municipal kitchen waste (carbon and nitrogen composition is more uneven: compared with pig manure anaerobic fermentation waste, COD is reduced by half and ammonia nitrogen is increased by half). Chlorella PY-ZU1, a nuclear mutated mutant, was used to purify Chlorella sp. There was no delay in the growth of Chlorella sp. 48 h aeration before inoculation could effectively promote the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and improve the removal rate of pollutants. The dry weight and growth rate of biomass were increased to 4.32 g / L and 472.5 mg / L / d respectively. At the same time, the removal rate of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus reached 55%, 80% and 99% respectively. In order to improve the production rate of biodiesel by microalgae growth and enrichment oil conversion. Organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extracts and carbon sources such as glucose were used to co-culture the nucleus-mutated rhombic algae mutant Nitzschia ZJU2 (that is, the combination of photosynthesis autotrophic and organic carbon source heterotrophic). Glucose is the best carbon source. When the concentration of glucose was 10 g / L, the oil yield reached the peak, the organic nitrogen source was superior to the inorganic nitrogen source, and when the yeast extract concentration reached 1.5 g / L, the oil yield peak was 164.50 mg / L / d. The proportion of C16-C19 fatty acids in the oil and fat was 89.13, which was higher than that in heterotrophic and autotrophic, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids was lower, which was suitable for the production of biodiesel.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE667;TQ920.6

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