基于微波破乳和热解的含油污泥资源化处理研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 21:09

本文关键词：基于微波破乳和热解的含油污泥资源化处理研究　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为世界主要的原油消耗国家,我国50%以上的原油需要进口。在原油的运输,存储和加工过程中将产生大量的含油污泥。据统计我国每年含油污泥的产量超过500万吨。油泥组成复杂,危险性大,具有黏度高、流动性差,油土难分离等特点。如何才能在加大石油开采的同时又有效地处理含油污泥是迫切需要解决的国家重大需求问题。本文对含油污泥无害化处理技术进行了深入研究,研究了利用微波技术对油泥进行破乳处理时乳化水粒径变化以及不同工况下含油污泥热解产物特性,对微波热解过程含油污泥对微波能量利用效率进行了研究。文章首先对所使用的含油污泥样品的理化特性表征进行了介绍和分析,通过对含油污泥理化特性进行表征,表明其在资源化利用方面更有很高的回收价值,且粘度很高,因此不能直接焚烧处理。文章利用微波技术及离心技术对油泥进行破乳试验,使用DSC技术分析了含油污泥经过微波处理后乳化水的形态变化,结果表明离心对油泥上层中的乳化水的作用主要体现在利用其机械作用将大粒径的水颗粒破碎,却不能达到将乳化水从上层中脱除的效果。而先进行微波处理以后,可以有效对油泥样品进行脱水。在研究含油污泥的热解特性时将含油污泥分别进行微波加热和传统管式炉加热的热解处理,研究不同的热解方式对含油污泥热解产物特性的影响,并且研究了功率、吸波介质等对热解特性的影响,结果表明： 1)微波热解过程比管式炉热解过程进行地完全且产生的气体品质高,同时液体产物中苯类有毒物质少,能有效的减少二次污染的可能； 2)随着功率的增加,热解的升温速率和终温增加,产油率则随着微波输出功率的增加而降低,气体产物则增加； 3)添加活性炭作为吸波介质可以提升升温速率和终温,并且还能作为催化剂促进热解反应进程,能有效促进油泥完全热解,减少热解过程中的能源消耗率,生成更多高热值气体。文章还计算了含油污泥在微波热解过程中对微波能量利用率的分析,结果表明：含油污泥热解时,对微波能量利用率为16.6%,而添加颗粒活性炭后能量利用率提高到28%左右,且活性炭添加量越大,能量利用率越高。可见添加活性炭可以提高热解过程中微波能的利用率为,有效节约能耗,提高反应效率。
[Abstract]:As the main crude oil consuming country in the world, our country needs to import more than 50% crude oil. A large amount of oily sludge will be produced during storage and processing. According to statistics, the annual output of oily sludge in China exceeds 5 million tons. The sludge has complex composition, high risk, high viscosity and poor fluidity. How to deal with oily sludge effectively while increasing oil production is an urgent problem to be solved in our country. The harmless treatment technology of oily sludge is deeply studied in this paper. Research. The particle size of emulsified water and the pyrolysis products of oily sludge under different working conditions were studied by microwave technology in oil sludge demulsification treatment. The microwave energy utilization efficiency of oily sludge during microwave pyrolysis was studied. Firstly, the physical and chemical properties of the oily sludge samples were introduced and analyzed. Through the characterization of the physical and chemical properties of the oily sludge, it was shown that it has a higher recovery value in the utilization of resources. And viscosity is very high, so can not be directly incineration treatment. In this paper, the demulsification test of oil sludge was carried out by microwave and centrifugal technology, and the morphological change of emulsified water after microwave treatment of oily sludge was analyzed by DSC technology. The results show that the effect of centrifugation on emulsified water in the upper layer of oil sludge is mainly reflected in the crushing of large diameter water particles by its mechanical action. However, the emulsified water can not be removed from the upper layer. After microwave treatment, the sludge sample can be effectively dehydrated. When studying the pyrolysis characteristics of oily sludge, the oily sludge was treated by microwave heating and traditional tube furnace heating, and the effect of different pyrolysis methods on the pyrolysis product characteristics of oily sludge was studied. The effects of power and absorbing medium on the pyrolysis characteristics are also studied. The results show that: 1) the microwave pyrolysis process is more complete and produces higher gas quality than the tube furnace pyrolysis process. At the same time, there are less benzene toxic substances in the liquid product, which can effectively reduce the possibility of secondary pollution. 2) with the increase of power, the heating rate and final temperature of pyrolysis increase, the oil yield decreases with the increase of microwave output power, and the gas product increases; 3) adding activated carbon as absorbing medium can increase the heating rate and final temperature, promote the pyrolysis process as catalyst, promote the complete pyrolysis of oil sludge and reduce the energy consumption rate in the pyrolysis process. Generate more gases with higher calorific values. The analysis of microwave energy utilization ratio of oily sludge during microwave pyrolysis is also carried out. The results show that the microwave energy utilization ratio is 16.6% when oily sludge is pyrolyzed. However, the energy utilization ratio increased to about 28% after adding granular activated carbon, and the higher the amount of activated carbon was, the higher the energy utilization ratio was. It can be seen that adding activated carbon can improve the utilization ratio of microwave energy in the process of pyrolysis. The energy consumption is saved and the reaction efficiency is improved.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X74

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