用于水力除焦在线监测的光纤F-P声学传感器的研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 13:38

本文关键词： 水力除焦光纤F-P声学传感器温度特性在线监测　出处：《武汉理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：延迟焦化装置是大型化工机械装备,由于缺乏有效的传感监测手段,为了移除合成于高达50米且直径超过10米的密封罐状焦化装置中的千余吨焦炭,目前普遍依靠操作人员的工作经验去判断装置中焦炭的残留情况来进行水力除焦作业。这种仅仅依靠人工经验的操作方法会造成生产能耗大,工作效率低,同时存在较大的安全隐患。针对此,本文开展了一种光纤F-P声学传感器的理论与实验研究,该传感器可用于在线实时监测除焦作业中切焦的进展,提高水力除焦作业的效率与安全性,具有较大的理论价值与应用前景。本文主要包括以下内容:1.总结了国内外水力除焦监测研究现状,介绍了光纤声学传感器在水力除焦中的应用情况,确定了采用光纤F-P声发射传感器监测水力除焦进展的研究方向,分析了光纤F-P声发射传感器的基本原理;2.根据热传导理论以及实际加工情况,简单设计出了适用于传感器现场目标工作温度的传感器散热部件。以光纤F-P传感器的工作原理为基础,根据弹性力学理论,分别计算并模拟了传感器的响应频率、灵敏度与弹性膜片有效半径和厚度的关系。同时,模拟了光纤F-P谐振腔的腔长与输出光强对比度的关系,获得较优化的光纤F-P谐振腔的尺寸;3.探索具有温度自补偿特性的光纤F-P声学传感谐振腔制备与老化等工艺,根据设计好的F-P谐振腔尺寸,完成F-P声学传感谐振腔的制备、老化与封装;4.研究了制备出的光纤F-P声学传感谐振腔温度特性,结果表明光纤F-P声学传感谐振腔可用于目标工作温度范围内的测量。同时,研究了光纤F-P声学传感谐振腔的声学频响特性,结果表明该光纤F-P声学传感谐振腔对1000Hz~5000Hz范围的声音信号具有良好的频响特性,可用于水力除焦产生声音信号的测量;5.将制备好的光纤F-P声学传感器安装于石化焦化装置进行水力除焦的现场试验。初步试验结果表明,该传感器可用于探测在线监测中除焦的干净程度与焦炭厚度的变化,表明本文研究的光纤F-P声学传感器可应用于水力除焦进展在线监测。
[Abstract]:Delayed coking unit is a large-scale chemical machinery equipment, because of the lack of effective sensing monitoring means, in order to remove more than 1,000 tons of coke synthesized in the sealed tank coking plant up to 50 meters in diameter and more than 10 meters in diameter. At present, it is generally dependent on the working experience of the operator to judge the residual situation of coke in the plant to carry out hydraulic coke removal. This operation method, which only depends on manual experience, will result in high production energy consumption and low working efficiency. At the same time, there are some potential safety problems. In this paper, the theoretical and experimental study of an optical fiber F-P acoustic sensor is carried out. The sensor can be used to monitor the progress of defocusing in on-line real-time monitoring. It is of great theoretical value and application prospect to improve the efficiency and safety of hydraulic coke removal. This paper mainly includes the following contents: 1. The present situation of monitoring and monitoring of hydraulic coke removal at home and abroad is summarized. The application of fiber optic acoustic sensor in hydraulic defocusing is introduced, and the research direction of monitoring the progress of hydraulic defocusing with fiber F-P acoustic emission sensor is determined. The basic principle of optical fiber F-P acoustic emission sensor is analyzed. 2.According to the heat conduction theory and the actual processing conditions, the sensor heat dissipation parts suitable for the working temperature of the field target of the sensor are simply designed, which is based on the working principle of the optical fiber F-P sensor. According to the theory of elasticity, the relationship between the response frequency, sensitivity and the effective radius and thickness of the elastic diaphragm is calculated and simulated. The relationship between the cavity length of fiber F-P resonator and the contrast of output light intensity is simulated, and the optimized size of F-P resonator is obtained. 3. The fabrication and aging process of fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator with temperature self-compensation is explored. According to the size of the designed F-P resonator, the fabrication of F-P acoustic sensing resonator is completed. Aging and packaging; 4. The temperature characteristics of the fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator are studied. The results show that the fiber F-P acoustic sensing cavity can be used to measure the target operating temperature. The acoustic frequency response of fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator is studied. The results show that the fiber F-P acoustic sensing resonator has a good frequency response to the sound signal in the 1000 Hz range, and can be used to measure the sound signal generated by hydraulic defocusing. 5. The fiber optic F-P acoustic sensor was installed in the petrochemical coking plant for the field test of hydraulic decoking. The sensor can be used to detect the change of defocusing cleanliness and coke thickness in on-line monitoring, which indicates that the optical fiber F-P acoustic sensor studied in this paper can be used in on-line monitoring of hydrodynamic decoking progress.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE96;TP212

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