微乳化柴油的制备及其发动机负荷特性研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 01:28

  本文关键词： 微乳化柴油 制备 稳定性 蒸发特性 台架试验　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：能源和环境保护是人类面临的两大问题。微乳化柴油作为一种代用燃料,既可以减少石油燃料消耗又可以改善发动机排放,所以对乳化柴油的研究很有必要。但目前国内对于乳化柴油的研究并不是很成熟,处于理论实验研究阶段,本文主要进行了微乳化柴油的稳定性、蒸发、发动机负荷特性研究。稳定性试验是为了寻求微乳化柴油最稳定的配方,用分层时间作为衡量稳定性的指标参数,通过微乳化柴油的稳定性机理筛选出试验因子,通过设计试验方案、方差分析,因子间交互式作用,优化模型得出最优方案,最后进行最优配方的试验验证。复配乳化剂比例为2.13%,助溶剂比例为1.02%,HLB值为6.45,柴油比例为80.85%,水溶液体积分数为15%,稳定时间为292.6 h,通过试验验证得到的稳定时间为286h,与理论误差为4.7%。本实验使用复配乳化剂通过适当的乳化工艺制备了不同配方的微乳化柴油在热重分析仪器上做蒸发特性试验研究。试验控制变量有溶液质量分数,油膜厚度,加热速率,氮气流速等,结果用Origin8.6对试验结果进行处理分析。研究结果表明:在100℃之后,蒸发速度呈现出先迅速加快,后减慢的现象;当乳化柴油中的葡萄糖水溶液一定时,适当比例的葡萄糖浓度能加快蒸发速率,降低了蒸发的终点温度;当乳化柴油中的葡萄糖浓度一定时,提高含水量能加快蒸发速率,同时降低了蒸发的终点温度;加热速率和氮气速率增加将加快乳化柴油的蒸发,缩短蒸发时间,降低蒸发终点温度。发动机台架试验是为了研究微乳化柴油在发动机上的经济性能、排放性能等,并用不同配方的微乳化柴油与纯柴油进行对比,为微乳化柴油的推广应用提供理论依据,通过试验对比,研究发现在额定转速不同负荷下,微乳化柴油的有效热效率都要高于纯柴油。在高负荷时,燃用柴油的废气排放都要高于微乳化柴油,低负荷时,微乳化柴油的HC、C0排放较高。
[Abstract]:As an alternative fuel, micro-emulsified diesel fuel can not only reduce the consumption of petroleum fuel but also improve engine emissions. So it is necessary to study the emulsified diesel fuel, but the domestic research on emulsified diesel fuel is not very mature, in the theoretical and experimental stage, this paper mainly carried out the stability of micro-emulsified diesel oil, evaporation. Research on engine load characteristics. Stability test is to find the most stable formulation of micro-emulsified diesel oil, and the delamination time is used as the index parameter to evaluate the stability. According to the stability mechanism of micro-emulsified diesel oil, the test factors were screened out, and the optimal scheme was obtained by designing the test scheme, analysis of variance, interaction between the factors, and optimizing the model. Finally, the optimum formula was tested. The ratio of mixed emulsifier was 2.13%, the ratio of co-solvent was 1.02%, and the ratio of diesel was 6.45, and the ratio of diesel oil was 80.85%. The volume fraction of the aqueous solution is 15 and the stabilization time is 292.6 h. The stability time obtained by the experiment is 286 h. And the theoretical error is 4.7. In this experiment, different formulations of micro-emulsified diesel oil were prepared by proper emulsification process. The evaporation characteristics of micro-emulsified diesel oil with different formulations were studied on thermogravimetric analysis instrument. The experimental control variables included solution. Mass fraction. The oil film thickness, heating rate, nitrogen flow rate and so on were analyzed by Origin8.6. The results showed that after 100 鈩，

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