一种适用于油轮货油加温自动控制系统的研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 03:31

  本文关键词： 升温 油轮 货油 自动控制　出处：《集美大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,营运油轮的货油加热升温和保温主要通过手动控制货油加热蒸汽供给阀的开度来实现。手动加热控温系统相对简单,可减少建造过程的初投资,但会增加人工成本,并且易出现加热不足或过度加热等现象,影响卸货的同时也增加加热用燃料成本。为了解决上述问题,本文以构建适用于油轮货油加温自动控制的系统为目的,进行了以下研究工作:首先,建立用于研究货油加温自动控制的试验台。试验台采用液压驱动蒸汽调节阀阀芯位移的方案来控制蒸汽调节阀阀芯开度。该方案基于驱动位移的液压油流量与阀芯位移成正比的机理,通过控制三位四通比例电磁阀执行电流和流量计反馈电流的偏差值,实现主甲板上蒸汽调节阀开度的远控。构建基于NI PCI-8512/2通讯板卡的CANbus数据总线与下位机NDAM模块相结合的数据输入输出系统,实现温度、压力、液位的数据采集与蒸汽调节阀阀位控制信号的输出。其次,进行货油加热升温、保温的控温策略分析。采用集总参数法,根据传热学理论,建立蒸汽调节阀开度与货油温度和加热时间之间的关系式。根据所建立的数学模型进行货油加热控温的策略分析和控温流程设计。由LabVIEW软件编写货油加热升温过程、保温与卸油过程的控温程序。程序中,货油加热升温采取控制货油加热速率,对油温采取开环控制,而在保温与卸油时采用PID进行油温闭环控制。最后,开展货油加热升温、保温以及卸油过程控温试验,并进行数据分析总结。选用FO180燃料油20℃时的密度0.9852kg/m3作为试验对象,油柜中货油的平均温度作为控制对象,设定升温总时间、目标温度、PID参数值后进行对比试验,主要结果如下:1)升温过程采用控制油温变化率的控温试验数据表明,货油加热到目标温度所需实际时间与设定时间之间的相对误差低于0.45%。通过加热时间的不同设定可实现加热升温过程的可控升温;2)保温、卸油过程采用温度PID控制方式,保温过程油温波动幅度可控制在1℃以内。总体上看,采用蒸汽调节阀液控方式和CANbus数据总线相结合的测控方式,基于Lab VIEW编程,通过升温过程控制油温上升变化率与保温、卸油过程采用PID控温相结合的加热控温策略,能够实现货油加热过程的自动控制。
[Abstract]:At present, the heating and heat preservation of cargo oil in oil tankers are mainly realized by manually controlling the opening of cargo oil heating steam supply valve. The manual heating temperature control system is relatively simple and can reduce the initial investment in the construction process. But it will increase the cost of labor, and it is easy to appear the phenomenon of insufficient heating or excessive heating, which affects the unloading of cargo and increases the cost of heating fuel. In order to solve the above problems. The purpose of this paper is to construct an automatic control system for tanker cargo and oil heating. The following research work is carried out: first of all. A test bed for the study of automatic control of cargo oil heating was established. The hydraulic drive steam regulating valve core displacement scheme was adopted to control the valve core opening. This scheme is based on the hydraulic oil flow and valve drive displacement. The mechanism of core displacement being proportional. By controlling the three-bit four-way proportional solenoid valve, the deviation of the current and the feedback current of the Flowmeter are obtained. To realize the remote control of the opening of steam regulating valve on the main deck. The data input and output system of the CANbus data bus of the PCI-8512/2 communication board and the NDAM module of the lower computer. The data acquisition of temperature, pressure, liquid level and the output of control signal of steam regulating valve position are realized. Secondly, the temperature control strategy of heating and heat preservation of cargo oil is analyzed. The lumped parameter method is adopted and the theory of heat transfer is adopted. The relationship between the opening degree of steam regulating valve and the temperature and heating time of cargo oil was established. According to the established mathematical model, the strategy analysis and temperature control flow design of cargo oil heating temperature control were carried out. The cargo was programmed by LabVIEW software. Oil heating and heating process. In the procedure, the heating rate of cargo oil is controlled, the open loop control of oil temperature is adopted, and the closed loop control of oil temperature is carried out by PID when holding and unloading oil. Finally. The temperature control tests of heating, heat preservation and unloading of cargo oil were carried out, and the data were analyzed and summarized. The density of FO180 fuel oil was 0.9852 kg / m ~ 3 at 20 鈩，

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