利用水力加压原理解决水平井钻井拖压问题的研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 03:27

本文关键词： 水平井水力加压原理 CZ 型水力加压器振动拖压　出处：《西安石油大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着油气田开发难度增加,水平井钻井技术应用越来越广泛,然而由于水平井井眼轨迹的特殊性导致水平段钻压难以施加,形成“拖压”问题,严重影响钻井时效和钻井安全。因此,提高水平段钻压对于解决拖压问题至关重要。国内外提出了两类井下液压传动工具来解决拖压问题,其中,以滑动式加压的有连续管减摩器和水力加压器,以旋转式加压的有液压冲击器。滑动式加压存在易在水平段的下井壁堆积岩屑床的问题,而旋转式液压冲击器存在结构设计复杂,应用成本高的问题。本文继承前人研究,结合了滑动加压和旋转加压两类井下液压传动工具的优点,以机械工程、水力学和振动学相关理论为基础,设计了一种新型的旋冲式CZ型水力加压器,该工具由多级增压缸串联构成,外部有旋转滚珠,末级活塞缸设计安装弹簧。使得工具在工作过程中既能以旋转形式带动水平段的岩屑顺利返排,又能通过弹簧和活塞回程起到吸振作用,减缓了钻柱的振动,保证了钻头施加钻压的平稳性。最后,在设计了三种不同级数的CZ型水力加压器的基础上,研究了CZ型水力加压器的对钻头的吸振理论,给出了CZ型水力加压器和钻头振动关系式并进行求解;同时研究活塞的纵向振动和活塞杆的运动规律。通过实例计算结果表明,CZ型水力加压器提高的钻压增量可超过原钻压的10%,有效提高了水平段钻进效率。
[Abstract]:With the increasing difficulty of oil and gas field development, horizontal well drilling technology is more and more widely used. However, due to the particularity of horizontal wellbore trajectory, it is difficult to apply drilling pressure in horizontal section, thus forming the problem of "towing pressure". Therefore, it is very important to improve the horizontal drilling pressure to solve the towing problem. Two kinds of downhole hydraulic transmission tools are put forward to solve the towing problem. There are continuous pipe friction reducers and hydraulic pressure boosters with sliding pressure, and hydraulic impingers with rotary pressure. There is the problem of easy accumulation of cuttings bed on the bottom wall of horizontal section by sliding pressure. The rotary hydraulic impactor has the problems of complicated structure design and high application cost. This paper inherits the previous research and combines the advantages of two kinds of downhole hydraulic transmission tools, sliding pressure and rotary pressure, in order to mechanical engineering, Based on the related theories of hydraulics and vibration, a new type of rotary impact CZ type hydraulic charger is designed. The tool is composed of multi-stage pressurized cylinders in series, and there are rotating balls on the outside. The design and installation of spring for the final piston cylinder makes the tool not only drive the cuttings of horizontal section smoothly in the form of rotation, but also absorb vibration through spring and piston return, thus slowing down the vibration of drill string. Finally, on the basis of designing three different series of CZ type hydraulic pressure booster, the theory of the CZ type hydraulic pressure regulator to the bit is studied. The relationship between CZ type hydraulic charger and bit vibration is given and solved. At the same time, the longitudinal vibration of the piston and the motion law of the piston rod are studied. The results of practical calculation show that the increment of drilling pressure increased by CZ type hydraulic charger can exceed 10% of the original drilling pressure, and the drilling efficiency of horizontal section is improved effectively.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE242

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