压裂用减阻剂BCG的研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 09:22

  本文选题：减阻剂　切入点：减阻率　出处：《西南石油大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：减阻剂对页岩气、煤层气、致密气等非常规油气资源的商业开发具有重要意义,目前我国各大油田压裂施工中使用的减阻剂主要是线性胍胶或者国外减阻剂产品(如J313),故有必要进行高效能减阻剂的国产化研究。本文从高分子聚合物的减阻机理入手,通过反相微乳液聚合法合成了一种高性能的减阻剂BCG。本文主要包括以下几个方面的内容：(1)通过理论分析和分子模拟计术确定了N-正十六烷基丙烯酰胺作为高聚物减阻剂中的长支链单体。(2)以丙烯酰氯和十六胺为反应物合成了一种长链单体DB,并通过红外光谱分析、元素分析和核磁分析对其进行了分析鉴定,结果表明它就是目标单体N-正十六烷基丙烯酰胺。(3)在4组复合乳化剂中优选出了在本体系(分散介质为5#白油)中配伍性最好的SP80和TW60作为制备反相微乳液的复合乳化剂；并在此基础上研究了水相单体浓度、复合乳化剂HLB值、复合乳化剂用量和电解质乙酸钠用量对反相微乳液最大增容量、电导率、稳定性的影响,确定了本体系反相微乳液的最佳配方是水相单体浓度为46%,复合乳化剂的HLB值为7.7,复合乳化剂占油相质量分数为24%,电解质乙酸钠占水相质量分数为2%。(4)分别在(NH4)2S2O8-NaHSO3和AIBA-AIBN两种引发体系下,通过正交试验研究了引发剂用量、引发剂之间的比例、长链单体DB的浓度、反应温度对所合成聚合物的减阻率、特性粘数、固含量、溶解时间、稳定性的影响,确定了在本体系中合成高聚物减阻剂的最佳条件：引发剂占单体总质量的0.3%；AIBA和AIBN的质量比为0.8：1；聚合反应温度为40℃；长链单体DB占单体总质量的0.8%。(5)在最佳条件下合成的高聚物减阻剂BCG含有三种聚合单体的特征基团,表明减阻剂BCG就是目标聚合物；减阻剂BCG特性粘数为23.34 dL.g-1；固含量45.78%,溶解时间1.3min；稳定时间60天以上；重均分子量为(8.74±0.32)×106g·mol-1;平均粒径为87.5nm；质量分数为0.1%时,在内径为8mm和10mm的测试管路中,与清水相比减阻率分别可达78.8%和73.6%,减阻性能同国外产品J313的减阻性能相当。(6)在70℃,170s-1的条件下,质量分数为0.1%的减阻剂BCG经过100分钟的连续剪切后,粘度在5mPa·s左右,粘度保持率可达60%；同时减阻剂BCG同助排剂DB-80、无机防膨剂KCl均具有良好的配伍性,完全可以应用于滑溜水压裂液中。
[Abstract]:Drag reducers are of great significance to the commercial development of unconventional oil and gas resources such as shale gas, coalbed methane, dense gas, etc. At present, the drag-reducing agents used in fracturing operation of major oilfields in China are mainly linear guanidine gel or foreign drag-reducing agent products (such as J313C), so it is necessary to study the localization of high efficiency drag-reducing agents. This paper starts with the drag reduction mechanism of polymer. A high performance drag reducing agent BCG was synthesized by reverse microemulsion polymerization. This paper mainly includes the following aspects: 1) N- hexadecyl acrylamide as a polymer was determined by theoretical analysis and molecular simulation. A long chain monomer DBs was synthesized by using acryloyl chloride and 16 amine as reactants. Element analysis and nuclear magnetic analysis were used to analyze and identify them. The results showed that it was the target monomer N- cetylacrylamide. 3) in the four groups of composite emulsifiers, SP80 and TW60, which had the best compatibility in the system (dispersing medium as white oil), were selected as the composite emulsifiers for the preparation of inverse microemulsion. On this basis, the effects of the concentration of aqueous monomer, the HLB value of composite emulsifier, the amount of compound emulsifier and the amount of electrolyte sodium acetate on the maximum capacity, conductivity and stability of reversed-phase microemulsion were studied. The optimum formula of the reverse microemulsion is that the concentration of aqueous monomer is 46, the HLB value of composite emulsifier is 7. 7, the mass fraction of compound emulsifier is 24%, the mass fraction of electrolyte sodium acetate to water phase is 2. 4) the ratio of NH 4 O 2 S 2O 8 NaHSO 3 and AIBA-AIBN is 2%. In two initiation systems, The effects of the amount of initiator, the ratio between initiators, the concentration of long chain monomer DB and the reaction temperature on the drag reduction rate, intrinsic viscosity, solid content, dissolution time and stability of the synthesized polymer were studied by orthogonal test. The optimum conditions for the synthesis of polymer drag reducer in this system were determined: the mass ratio of initiator to monomer was 0.8: 1, the polymerization temperature was 40 鈩，

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