真空加热炉力学分析及结构设计

发布时间：2018-03-12 08:44

本文选题：真空加热炉　切入点：设计　出处：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：真空加热炉是油、气生产和集输过程中广泛使用的加热设备,在油田油气集输工艺中,起着举足轻重的作用。但在真空加热炉的设计中,为了提高加热炉抵抗外压引起的失稳破坏,常常在封头设计中布置一定数量的加强筋,这些加强筋的设计是否合理,不仅关系到加热炉的安全运行,还直接影响到制造成本、运输和安装费用的增加。因此,对真空加热炉开展力学分析和结构优选设计具有重要的工程应用价值。本文根据真空加热炉主要承载部件的力学分析,依据强度条件和失稳临界外压,确定出主要部件的材料和几何参数,完成了真空加热炉的结构设计。考虑真空加热炉的结构形状和工作状态,采用混合单元离散,建立了真空加热炉整体有限元模型：采用实体单元离散,建立了封头局部有限元模型。通过加热炉的稳定性分析,有限元法求得的失稳临界外压0.33MPa,略低于公式计算的0.387MPa,均大于停机状态的0.1MPa最大工作外压,所设计的加热炉不会发生外压失稳破坏。通过停机状态、水压试验和操作状态下的加热炉有限元分析,得出真空加热炉在筒体上应力分布较小,而前后封头的应力分布较大,最大等效应力在水压工况达380.79MPa、操作工况达363.62MPa,经应力线性化和分类评价均满足强度条件,所设计的加热炉不会发生强度破坏。通过对后封头加强筋的可设计方案进行力学分析,经计算结果对比,在确保同等安全的前提下,后封头加强筋等间距设计最为合理,每台加热炉可直接减少材料36kg,降低了真空加热炉的材料和制造成本,为加热炉优化设计及安全评价提供了理论依据。
[Abstract]:Vacuum heating furnace is widely used in the production and transportation of oil and gas. It plays an important role in oil and gas gathering and transportation process. But in the design of vacuum heating furnace, In order to increase the resistance of heating furnace to the instability caused by external pressure, a certain number of reinforcement bars are often arranged in the head design. Whether the design of these reinforcement bars is reasonable or not is not only related to the safe operation of the furnace, but also directly affects the manufacturing cost. Therefore, it has important engineering application value to carry out mechanical analysis and structural optimization design for vacuum heating furnace. According to the mechanical analysis of the main bearing parts of vacuum heating furnace, According to the strength condition and the critical external pressure of instability, the material and geometric parameters of the main components are determined, and the structural design of the vacuum heating furnace is completed. Considering the structure shape and working state of the vacuum heating furnace, the mixing element is used to discretize the structure. The integral finite element model of vacuum heating furnace is established. The local finite element model of the head is established by discrete solid element. The critical external pressure of instability obtained by the finite element method is 0.33 MPA, which is slightly lower than that calculated by the formula 0.387 MPA, which is larger than the maximum external pressure of 0.1 MPA in the downtime state, and the external pressure instability will not occur in the designed heating furnace. Under the water pressure test and the finite element analysis of heating furnace under the operating state, it is concluded that the stress distribution of the vacuum heating furnace is smaller on the cylinder, but the stress distribution of the front and rear head is larger. The maximum equivalent stress is 380.79MPa in the hydraulic condition and 363.62MPa in the operating condition. The strength condition is satisfied by the stress linearization and classification evaluation, and the strength damage will not occur in the designed furnace. By comparing the calculation results, under the premise of ensuring the same safety, the equal-spacing design of the rear-head reinforcement bars is the most reasonable, and the material and manufacturing cost of the vacuum heating furnace can be directly reduced by reducing the material 36kg per furnace. It provides theoretical basis for optimization design and safety evaluation of reheating furnace.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE974.2

【相似文献】