化学镀镍对泥浆泵缸套内壁的表面改性研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 16:11

本文选题：缸套　切入点：化学镀镍　出处：《长江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：钻井泥浆泵是油气开采工程中的关键设备,在钻井液循环系统中,泥浆泵处于核心地位。泥浆泵活塞缸套性能好坏直接影响泥浆循环的效率,由于循环液中存在各种化学成分,使得工作条件更为复杂,对泥浆泵缸套摩擦副造成强烈的破坏,且泥浆泵缸套一经磨损失效后不能修复利用,造成了巨大的浪费。在近些年的石油开采生产实践中,对钻井泵功率和排量都提出了更高的要求,钻井泵缸套在工作时受到的压力和压强迅速提高,在这种高压高速的生产条件下,钻井泵缸套受到的机械磨损和腐蚀也越来越严峻,难以支撑长时间的开采工作。研究如何提高泵缸套的抗承载能力、耐磨损、抗碱性腐蚀、耐高压性能,具有重要意义。材料表面镀层是常用的表面改性技术,化学镀工艺由于具有不需要外接电源,获得的镀层分布均匀、组织致密性好和美感好等优点,已逐渐成为一种重要的表面处理技术。化学镀镍涂层附着力强,抗腐蚀性能优良、附着力高、耐磨性强,能够大幅度提升泥浆泵活塞缸套的使用寿命。本论文探讨了化学镀镍的技术特点,研究了与其相关的基体材料制备技术,分析了镀液的成分及作用,获得了不同镀层厚度、不同热处理条件下的42CrMo镀层试样。针对实验获得的镀层试样,采用失重法和电化学法测定镀层试样的耐腐蚀性能,研究指出采用镀镍涂层能够改善试样表面的耐腐蚀性能,对于提高工件的耐腐蚀能力具有重要作用;镀层厚度对镀层的耐腐蚀性能具有重要影响,失重法研究指出,较厚的镀层不能改善耐腐蚀性能,反而可能恶化零件的性能;镀层的热处理状态直接影响镍磷涂层结构的组织结构,不合理的热处理温度和保温时间将会恶化组织并产生晶体缺陷,从而降低其耐腐蚀性能。最后,论文对化学镀镍处理的试样进行疲劳实验,研究镀层处理后的疲劳性能,研究指出,42CrMo材料采用化学镀镍之后,试样的疲劳强度大幅度降低,同时采用热处理之后的试样其疲劳强度更低。因此,采用化学镀镍的工艺处理泥浆泵缸套内壁能提高缸套内壁的腐蚀疲劳性能,延长泥浆泵缸套的使用寿命。
[Abstract]:Drilling mud pump is the key equipment in oil and gas exploitation engineering. In drilling fluid circulation system, mud pump is the core. The performance of piston cylinder liner of mud pump directly affects the efficiency of mud circulation. It makes the working conditions more complicated, and causes strong damage to the friction pair of mud pump cylinder liner, and the slurry pump cylinder liner can not be repaired and used once it is worn out, which results in a huge waste. In recent years, in the practice of oil production, Higher requirements for drilling pump power and displacement have been put forward. The pressure and pressure of drilling pump cylinder liner are increasing rapidly while working. Under such high pressure and high speed production conditions, the drilling pump cylinder liner is subjected to more and more severe mechanical wear and corrosion. It is very important to study how to improve the bearing capacity, wear resistance, alkali corrosion resistance and high pressure resistance of pump cylinder liner. The electroless plating process has become an important surface treatment technology because of its advantages of uniform distribution, good microstructure density and good aesthetic feeling without external power supply. The electroless nickel coating has strong adhesion and good corrosion resistance. This paper discusses the technical characteristics of electroless nickel plating, studies the preparation technology of substrate material related to it, and analyzes the composition and function of the bath. The 42CrMo coating samples with different coating thickness and different heat treatment conditions were obtained. The corrosion resistance of the coating samples was measured by weightlessness method and electrochemical method. It is pointed out that the corrosion resistance of the sample surface can be improved by nickel coating, and the corrosion resistance of workpiece can be improved, and the thickness of the coating has an important effect on the corrosion resistance of the coating. The thicker coating can not improve the corrosion resistance, but may worsen the properties of the parts, and the heat treatment state of the coating directly affects the microstructure of the nickel-phosphorus coating structure. Unreasonable heat treatment temperature and holding time will worsen the microstructure and produce crystal defects, thus reducing its corrosion resistance. Finally, the fatigue test of electroless nickel plated samples is carried out to study the fatigue properties of electroless nickel plating. It is pointed out that after electroless nickel plating, the fatigue strength of 42CrMo sample decreases significantly, and the fatigue strength of the sample treated with heat treatment is lower. Using electroless nickel plating process to treat the inner wall of slurry pump cylinder liner can improve the corrosion fatigue performance of cylinder liner and prolong the service life of slurry pump cylinder liner.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE982

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