油田管道超声波防除垢技术实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 16:15

  本文选题：超声波　切入点：防垢　出处：《长江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前我国油田内的管道由于含盐量较高结垢严重且难以清除,对油田的安全生产造成极大的影响,因此开展针对油田管道防除垢技术的研究是非常有必要的。在现有的除垢方法中,主要有化学除垢和物理除垢两种。化学除垢方法因为在介质中添加的物质可能造成二次污染不符合绿色环保的要求,所以本文主要研究物理除垢方法即超声波的除垢的效果及实际应用参数。在油田的各种类型垢中,以盐类垢最为普遍,影响范围最大。且超声波对蜡垢和油垢等含有固态杂质较多的垢的防除效果较差,因此本文的主要研究对象为盐类垢。管道中的垢来自于注入水和地层水中的难溶和微溶的混合物,超声波对混合盐的作用效果无法评价,所以在研究超声波对不同盐类的作用影响时主要是针对单一的盐类垢进行研究。本文分别对碳酸钙、硫酸钙、硫酸钡、硫酸锶这四种油田常见垢开展了室内静态结垢实验和超声波防除垢模拟实验。室内静态结垢模拟实验是指挂片在静止状态下的结垢实验。在实验中分别对上述四种垢做出8、24、48、72小时的结垢时间变化和40℃、60℃、80℃不同温度下的结垢量的对比,以及在不同挂片材质之间的结垢量的对比,最后重点分析了影响比较大的温度、管材、以及时间对结垢速率及结垢量的影响。超声波防除垢模拟实验仪器是在中国石油大学(华东)许振宇研究的基础上进行改进的。在实验中添加了对20 KHz、28KHz、68KHz、120 KHz不同频率超声波的研究,通过对超声波清洗槽底部的换能器更换来实现。在研究超声波防除垢技术的实际应用时主要研究防除垢仪器的最佳参数和在最佳参数的状态下对四种单一垢的防除效果。即分别采用不同的换能器,研究超声波防垢的最佳频率；通过改变超声波的作用时间,研究超生波防垢的最佳辐照时间；改变超声波作用的周期,研究超声波防垢的最佳周期；最后在使用以上最佳参数的情况下,对这四种垢做防除实验。通过实验发现超生波对盐类垢的防除效果较好,尤其是对硫酸钙等硫酸盐垢在40℃时达到80%左右的除垢效果。在实际应用方面：在频率在28KHz时防垢效果较强；超声波作用时间为5分钟时的经济效益最佳,垢质晶体形成能力较弱；超声波作用周期为12小时时,防垢能力较强。
[Abstract]:At present, the pipelines in oil fields in our country have a great impact on the safe production of oil fields because of the serious scale formation and the difficulty of cleaning up the oil fields with relatively high salt content. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out research on scale prevention technology for oil field pipelines. There are mainly two kinds of chemical scale removal and physical scale removal. Chemical scale removal methods are not in line with the requirements of green environmental protection because the secondary pollution caused by the addition of substances in the medium may not meet the requirements of green environmental protection. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the effect and practical application parameters of physical scale removal method, I. E. ultrasonic wave. Among all kinds of scale in oil field, salt scale is the most common. The effect of ultrasonic wave on wax scale, oil scale, etc., which contains more solid impurities, is not good. Therefore, the main research object of this paper is salt scale. The scale in the pipeline comes from the insoluble and micro-soluble mixture of injected water and formation water, and the effect of ultrasonic wave on the mixed salt can not be evaluated. So when we study the effect of ultrasonic wave on different salts, we mainly study the single salt scale. In this paper, we study calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, Four common scale experiments of strontium sulfate have been carried out in laboratory static scaling experiment and ultrasonic scale control simulation experiment. The indoor static scaling simulation experiment refers to the scale formation experiment of hanging sheet in static state. In the experiment, the above four experiments are carried out respectively. The variation of scaling time of 842 h is compared with that of 40 鈩，

本文编号：1602316