天然气长输管道可控速清管器设计与研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 18:35

本文选题：长输管道　切入点：可控速清管器　出处：《西华大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：管道是石油天然气最安全、高效的输送工具,但由于腐蚀、自然灾害以及人为破坏等原因经常出现管道泄漏,继而引发火灾、爆炸等事故。通过清管器携带漏磁传感器、超声波传感器等定期对长输管道进行检测,有助于及时排除安全隐患,降低管道事故发生率。清管器利用管道内流体在其前后形成的压差实现驱动,这种被动驱动方式导致清管器运行速度难以控制在预设的速度范围内,降低了检测数据的可靠性,并可能造成管道和检测器自身损坏。为解决清管器速度难以控制的问题,本文开展了一种能实现速度可控的可控速清管器研究,主要工作包括可控速清管器的总体方案设计,调速系统、驱动系统等关键零部件的设计与研究以及样机试制与测试等,具体体现在如下几个方面:(1)广泛查阅、检索国内外相关资料,深入调研可控速清管器运用现状及其关键零部件研究现状,在此基础上,根据目前管道检测存在的问题及现有可控速清管器研究的不足,提出了本文研究主要研究内容和天然气长输管道可控速清管器设计与研究路线。(2)阐述了可控速清管器的结构组成、工作原理以及调速机理,完成了可控速清管器的总体方案设计,并结合弯道通过性、调速性能开展了可控速清管器总体尺寸设计和总体布局设计。(3)研究了可控速清管器的调速性能,并完成了调速装置设计。基于Fluent开展了可控速清管器在旁通阀不同开度时的阻力系数研究,建立了可控速清管器在流场中的阻力系数拟合方程,通过可控速清管器的阻力系数研究了清管器的调速性能,在此基础上完成了可控速清管器旁通阀的结构设计。(4)开展了可控速清管器皮碗的力学性能试验研究,并完成了可控速清管器皮碗的结构设计。首先,以皮碗材料聚氨酯的力学性能试验为基础建立聚氨酯材料的本构方程,其次,应用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS开展了可控速清管器皮碗的力学行为模拟,探究了皮碗结构参数对皮碗与管壁间的摩擦力、接触压力的影响规律。最后,提出可控速清管器皮碗设计方法及其流程,并完成了适用于DN800管道的可控速清管器皮碗设计。(5)开展了可控速清管器样机试制与测试。结合可控速清管器的速度控制原理,设计了可以提高可控速清管器速度稳定性、降低清管器耗电量的控制方法,并完成控制系统硬件开发;根据可控速清管器总体设计、关键零部件设计,完成了可控速清管器样机试制与测试,测试结果表明所测试的性能指标能够达到设计要求。
[Abstract]:Pipeline is the safest and most efficient transportation tool for oil and natural gas. However, due to corrosion, natural disasters and man-made damage, pipeline leakage often occurs, which leads to accidents such as fire and explosion. Ultrasonic sensors regularly detect long distance pipelines, which helps to eliminate hidden safety problems in time and reduce the incidence of pipeline accidents. The pipe cleaner uses the pressure difference formed before and after the fluid in the pipeline to realize the drive. This kind of passive driving mode makes it difficult to control the running speed of the pipe-cleaner within the preset speed range, reduces the reliability of the test data, and may cause damage to the pipeline and the detector itself. In order to solve the problem that the speed of the pipe-cleaner is difficult to control, In this paper, a kind of controllable speed cleaner is studied. The main work includes the design of the overall scheme, the design and research of the key parts, such as speed regulation system, drive system, prototype trial manufacture and test, etc. Specifically reflected in the following aspects: 1) extensive reference, retrieval of relevant information at home and abroad, in-depth investigation and research on the current situation of the use of controllable speed-cleaner and the research status of key components, and on this basis, According to the problems existing in the pipeline inspection and the deficiency of the existing research on the controllable speed-cleaning device, The main research contents of this paper and the design and research route of the controlled quick cleaner for long distance natural gas pipeline are put forward. The structure, working principle and speed regulation mechanism of the controlled quick cleaner are expounded. The overall scheme design of the controllable speedpipe cleaner is completed, and the overall dimension design and the overall layout design of the controllable quick scavenger are carried out in combination with the performance of the curve pass and the speed-regulating performance of the controllable quick scavenger is studied. Based on Fluent, the resistance coefficient of the controllable speed cleaner under different opening of bypass valve is studied, and the fitting equation of the resistance coefficient of the controlled speed cleaner in the flow field is established. Through the resistance coefficient of the controllable speed cleaner, the speed-regulating performance of the pipe cleaner is studied, and on this basis, the structure design of the bypass valve of the controlled speed cleaner is completed. The structure design of the leather bowl of the controllable quick cleaning device was completed. Firstly, the constitutive equation of the polyurethane material was established based on the mechanical property test of the leather bowl material, and then the constitutive equation of the polyurethane material was established. The nonlinear finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to simulate the mechanical behavior of the bowls of the controllable quick tube cleaner. The influence of the structural parameters of the cup on the friction force and contact pressure between the cup and the pipe wall was investigated. Finally, the influence of the structure parameters on the friction force and the contact pressure between the cup and the tube wall was investigated. This paper puts forward the design method and flow chart of the skin bowl of the controllable quick cleaner, and completes the design of the skin bowl of the controlled quick cleaner for DN800 pipeline. The prototype of the controlled quick cleaner is developed and tested. The principle of speed control of the controlled quick cleaner is combined with the principle of speed control. The paper designs a control method that can improve the speed stability and reduce the power consumption of the controlled quick cleaner, and completes the hardware development of the control system, according to the overall design of the controllable quick cleaner, the key parts design, The test results show that the performance index can meet the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE973.8

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