膜分离技术在装车尾气回收过程中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-17 17:41

本文选题：膜分离　切入点：油气　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：全球每年逸失于大气中的油品量约为1亿吨,接近于我国2014年半年开采的原油产量,在全球范围爆发能源危机的今天,这是一个极其严重的问题。某企业炼油厂装洗车间采用液下敞口装车,装车过程中油气挥发量大,作业环境较差,部分员工操作出现头晕、恶心等症状,汽油装车时总烃浓度最高达到1000mg/m~3,远远高于300mg/m~3的标准,在大风天气和阴雨天气油气味尤为严重,因此进行设备改造和增加装车油气回收系统势在必行。本文通过对国内外油气处理的现状研究,对国内大型石化企业的油气回收设施的考察,以及对比分析了国内外目前使用的油气回收方法,查找装车过程中油气产生的原因及油气中产生污染的成分,对现有装车系统进行了改造,同时新建膜分离回收系统,以改善油气污染问题和减少油气的挥发损失。完成了芳烃装车密闭系统和汽油装车系统改造,增上自动对位系统及防溢油报警系统,保证在装车过程中密封良好,实现了密闭装车和质量流量计自动计量,操作控制方便简单,油气不泄漏,增加了操作安全性。结合某企业的实际情况,引进大连欧科力德环境技术有限公司膜分离回收技术新建膜法尾气回收系统,用于汽油装车过程的油气回收。在实际运行中,总结了装置运行控制的方法,剖析装置运行的常见问题及处理方法等。装置建成后装车环境改善明显,员工反应良好,站台油气浓度大大降低,跟踪监测结果很理想,站台的油气测试浓度与改造前的大于300mg/m~3相比效果相当明显。回收的油气经膜处理后,尾气中非甲烷总烃连续排放浓度25g/m~3,符合设计指标,达到了油气污染防治的目的。在150天的运行过程中,装车栈台油气泄漏量明显减少,装车环境改善明显,站台几乎闻不到油气味,跟踪监测结果表明站台的油气测试浓度为痕量,处理后的尾气总烃排放浓度在8~12g/m~3,低于国家规定的25g/m~3排放气标准。经统计,在此过程中油气膜法回收装置回收汽油油气量约为850吨,创造效益680万元。
[Abstract]:The amount of oil lost in the atmosphere in the world is about 100 million tons each year, which is close to the crude oil output that China produced in 2014. Today, when the global energy crisis breaks out, This is a very serious problem. In a certain refinery, the factory uses an open loading vehicle under liquid. During the loading process, the oil and gas volatilities are large, the working environment is poor, and some employees have symptoms such as dizziness and nausea in their operations. Gasoline has the highest total hydrocarbon concentration of 1000 mg / mm3 when loaded, well above the 300mg / mm3 standard, especially in windy and rainy weather. Therefore, it is imperative to reform the equipment and increase the oil and gas recovery system. This paper studies the present situation of oil and gas treatment at home and abroad, and inspects the oil and gas recovery facilities of large petrochemical enterprises in China. The oil and gas recovery methods used at home and abroad are compared and analyzed, the causes of oil and gas generation during loading and the components of oil and gas pollution are searched, the existing loading system is reformed, and the membrane separation and recovery system is built. In order to improve the problem of oil and gas pollution and reduce the volatile loss of oil and gas, the modification of the sealing system of aromatics and gasoline loading system has been completed, and the automatic counterposition system and the anti-spill alarm system have been added to ensure that the seal is good during the loading process. The automatic metering of airtight loading and mass Flowmeter is realized, the operation control is convenient and simple, the oil and gas does not leak, and the operation safety is increased. Combined with the actual situation of a certain enterprise, The membrane separation and recovery technology of Dalian Okolide Environmental Technology Co., Ltd was introduced to build a new membrane process exhaust gas recovery system for oil and gas recovery during gasoline loading. In actual operation, the operation control method of the unit was summarized. The common problems and treatment methods of the operation of the equipment are analyzed. After the installation is completed, the loading environment is obviously improved, the staff response is good, the oil and gas concentration of the platform is greatly reduced, and the monitoring results are very satisfactory. The test concentration of oil and gas in the platform is quite obvious compared with that before the retrofit, which is more than 300 mg / m ~ (3). After the oil and gas is treated by membrane, the continuous emission concentration of non-methane in tail gas is 25 g / m ~ (3), which accords with the design index. During the 150 days of operation, the leakage of oil and gas in the stacks was obviously reduced, the loading environment was improved obviously, and the platform could hardly smell the oil and gas. Tracking and monitoring results show that the oil and gas test concentration of the platform is trace, and the total hydrocarbon emission concentration of the treated tail gas is 812 g / mm3, which is lower than the national standard of 25 g / mm3. According to statistics, In this process, the oil and gas recovery capacity of the oil and gas membrane recovery unit is about 850 tons, and the benefit is 6.8 million yuan.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X742;TQ028.8

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