石油钻机液压盘式制动器的热—机耦合分析与优化

发布时间：2018-03-20 14:13

本文选题：钻机　切入点：液压盘式制动器　出处：《兰州理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：钻机液压盘式制动器是绞车的关键部件,直接影响着钻机的操作性能。在制动过程中,摩擦副表面产生的热量使得刹车盘表面逐渐产生热疲劳裂纹可能会导致刹车盘失效,进而使得钻机液压盘式制动器存在安全隐患。因此,对钻机液压盘式制动器进行热-机耦合分析与优化对钻井设备和人员的安全都有非常重要的意义。本文以某钻机液压盘式制动器为研究对象,对钻机液压盘式制动器的热-机耦合分析与优化进行了研究。主要研究内容和成果如下:1)按照钻机液压水冷式盘式制动器的实际尺寸,运用有限元软件ABAQUS前处理模块对刹车副进行三维建模并划分单元格,根据热-机耦合研究的基础理论设置相应的边界条件,最终建立热-机耦合有限元模型。2)根据每个工况不同的特点对钻机液压盘式制动器进行三维瞬态温度场、应力场的耦合仿真分析,得到了刹车盘在紧急制动、驻车制动和连续制动工况下的温度场、应力场分布规律。研究结果表明:在制动前期,刹车盘的温度场、等效应力场分布都呈非轴对称分布,最大温度值和最大等效应力值呈锯齿状上升趋势;在制动后期,刹车盘的温度场、等效应力场分布逐渐呈轴对称分布,整个刹车盘表面上的温度值和等效应力值都比较高,最大温度值和最大等效应力值呈锯齿状下降趋势;制动时,刹车盘表面周向温度梯度最小,径向和轴向温度梯度较大,周向应力比径向应力大且轴向应力最小。3)应用控制变量法,重点研究了影响刹车盘温度场和应力场分布的工况参数和材料特性参数。研究结果表明:减小制动初速度和制动压力,增大冷却水流速度和对流换热系数等工况参数,减小摩擦系数、弹性模量、热膨胀系数,增大导热系数和比热容等材料特性参数,可以有效降低刹车盘表面最高温度值和最大等效热应力值。4)建立刹车盘工况因素和材料特性因素的优化方法,优化刹车盘散热性。研究结果表明:与优化之前相比,最高温度降幅12.409%,最大等效热应力值降幅13.379%,证明整体优化方案是真实可行的。本文仿真分析结论对钻机液压盘式制动器的优化设计提供一定的依据和参考。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig is a key component of winch, which directly affects the operating performance of drilling rig. During braking process, heat generated from the surface of friction pair may lead to thermal fatigue crack on the surface of brake disc, which may lead to the failure of brake disc. Therefore, the hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig has a hidden safety hazard. The thermo-mechanical coupling analysis and optimization of hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig are very important to the safety of drilling equipment and personnel. The thermo-mechanical coupling analysis and optimization of hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig are studied. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1) according to the actual size of hydraulic water-cooled disc brake of drilling rig, The finite element software ABAQUS preprocessing module is used to model the brake pair and divide the cell into three dimensions. According to the basic theory of thermal-mechanical coupling, the corresponding boundary conditions are set up. Finally, the thermo-mechanical coupling finite element model. 2) according to the different characteristics of each working condition, the three-dimensional transient temperature field and stress field of hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig are simulated and analyzed, and the brake disc is under emergency braking. The distribution of temperature field and stress field under the condition of parking brake and continuous braking is studied. The results show that the distribution of temperature field and equal effect force field of brake disc is non-axisymmetric in the early stage of braking. The maximum temperature value and the maximum equal effect force value showed a serrated upward trend, the temperature field and the equal effect force field distribution of the brake disc gradually presented axisymmetric distribution at the later stage of braking, the temperature value and the equal effect force value on the whole brake disc surface were all relatively high. The maximum temperature value and the maximum equivalent effect force value showed a sawtooth downward trend, the circumferential temperature gradient on the surface of the brake disc was the smallest, and the radial and axial temperature gradient was larger during braking. The circumferential stress is larger than the radial stress and the axial stress is the smallest. 3) the control variable method is used. The parameters of working condition and material characteristic which affect the distribution of temperature field and stress field of brake disc are studied in detail. The results show that the initial braking speed and braking pressure are reduced, the cooling water flow velocity and convection heat transfer coefficient are increased, and the working condition parameters such as cooling water flow velocity and convection heat transfer coefficient are increased. Decrease friction coefficient, elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, increase heat conductivity and specific heat capacity, etc. It can effectively reduce the maximum temperature value and maximum equivalent thermal stress value of brake disc surface. 4) establish the optimization method of brake disc working condition factor and material characteristic factor, and optimize the heat dissipation of brake disc. The results show that: compared with before optimization, The maximum temperature drop is 12.409 and the maximum equivalent thermal stress value is 13.379, which proves the feasibility of the whole optimization scheme. The conclusion of simulation analysis in this paper provides a certain basis and reference for the optimization design of hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TE922

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