撬装式含油污泥处理装置的关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 17:07

本文选题：含油污泥　切入点：资源化　出处：《东北石油大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在石油石化相关企业进行原油开采、石油炼制与运输、污水处理过程中,由于井下作业、运输不当以及罐底沉降等原因,使我国每年新产生上百万吨的含油污泥。这些含油污泥含有大量的石油类物质和有毒重金属等成分,并伴随恶臭难闻气味,与大自然直接接触将严重污染土壤、空气和水质,继而扩大恶化区域危害污染区域人类健康。同时,大量的原油资源也造成了浪费。因此,针对不用性质来源的含油污泥进行综合有效的治理与回收再利用刻不容缓。本文基于环保、节能降耗和资源化利用的目的,在含油污泥特性研究的基础上,提出了含油污泥轻质油循环热洗+油水蒸馏分离的处理技术,使轻质油循环热洗后的含油污泥达到处理标准。针对某油田含油污泥,优选出可回收再利用性质稳定的轻质油清洗液,并以此为基础设计实验方案。在对含油污泥进行特定分析后,采用轻质油循环热洗含油污泥的方法进行多次室内实验研究。根据上述实验结果筛选最佳轻质油热洗含油污泥的工艺条件(温度、时间、液固质量比等)并继续清洗油泥实验,结果表明轻质油多次循环热洗可有效去除含油污泥中的原油,使处理后的污泥含油量降到很低。根据分离出的污油的组成特性与乳化机理,采用蒸馏脱水的方式对污油进行实验研究。在进一步模拟实验的基础上,对污油蒸馏脱水的可行性、脱水的工艺参数、脱水暴沸控制等关键技术进行深入实验研究,分析加热蒸馏污油处理效果的影响因素,并对处理后的轻质油进行回收再利用。最后优化设计污油脱水处理最佳工艺参数及撬装含油污泥处理主体装置结构方案,对装置中有特定要求的管线及设备做出规定。为含油污泥资源化综合处理提供了建议及参考,同时为下一步大规模的工业化处理提供了宝贵的试验基础和经验。
[Abstract]:In the course of crude oil production, petroleum refining and transportation, and sewage treatment in petroleum and petrochemical related enterprises, due to underground operation, improper transportation and tank bottom settlement, Millions of new tons of oily sludge are produced every year in our country. These oily sludge contain a large amount of petroleum substances and toxic heavy metals, and are accompanied by a foul smell. Direct contact with nature will seriously pollute the soil, air and water quality. In turn, the worsening area is harmful to the human health of the polluted region. At the same time, a large amount of crude oil resources are also wasted. It is urgent to carry out comprehensive and effective treatment and recovery and reuse of oily sludge from non-essential sources. Based on the purpose of environmental protection, energy saving, consumption reduction and resource utilization, the characteristics of oily sludge are studied in this paper. In this paper, the treatment technology of oil-water distillation separation of oily sludge with light oil circulating heat washing is put forward, which makes the oily sludge after heat washing of light oil cycle up to the standard of treatment. In view of the oily sludge in an oil field, The light oil cleaning liquid which can be recovered and reused is selected, and the experimental scheme is designed on the basis of it. After the specific analysis of oily sludge, A series of laboratory experiments were carried out by using the method of light oil circulation heat washing of oily sludge. According to the above experimental results, the optimum process conditions (temperature, time, liquid-solid mass ratio, etc.) of heat washing oily sludge with light oil were selected and the oil sludge was cleaned continuously. The results show that the oil in oily sludge can be effectively removed by repeated heat washing of light oil, and the oil content of treated sludge can be reduced to a very low level. According to the composition characteristics and emulsifying mechanism of the separated sewage oil, the oil content of the treated sludge can be reduced to a very low level. On the basis of further simulation experiments, the feasibility of distilled oil dehydration, dehydration process parameters, dehydration burst boiling control and other key technologies are studied. The factors affecting the treatment effect of waste oil by heating distillation are analyzed, and the light oil after treatment is recycled and reused. Finally, the optimum technological parameters of dewatering treatment of waste oil and the structure scheme of the main unit for prying oily sludge treatment are optimized. It provides advice and reference for comprehensive treatment of oily sludge resources, and provides valuable experimental basis and experience for the next large-scale industrial treatment.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X74

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