典型常减压装置的腐蚀分析与控制研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 04:21

本文选题：常减压装置　切入点：腐蚀分析　出处：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着中国原油对外依存度的逐年提高,进口的劣质油常常给中国的炼油企业带来严重的腐蚀问题。本文从如今炼油企业严峻的腐蚀安全问题出发,以实际腐蚀事故为例,阐述了对典型常减压置的腐蚀进行分析和控制,研究腐蚀控制手册的必要性和意义。本文主要工作如下：1、阐述了腐蚀控制手册基本概念,从实际角度出发说明了其与基于风险的检测、操作完整性平台之间的联系与区别,研究了腐蚀控制手册的基本建立流程包括建立材质选择图、选择损伤机理、确定临界可靠性变量和制作作业指导书等4个步骤；2、以辽阳石化550万吨／年常减压装置为案例,分析了本装置的基本概况、工艺原理、原油成分和“三顶”冷凝系统冷凝水进行了化学分析,利用AutoCAD等软件,绘制了电脱盐部分、初馏部分、常压部分、减压部分和减顶部分等5张材质选择图,划分了14个材质流程,提出了各类型常减压装置的选材规则和本装置材质升级办法和防腐涂层防腐措施；3、在材质选择图基础上,绘制了5张腐蚀流程图,找到并详细分析了H2S+HCI+H2O腐蚀、高温硫化腐蚀、湿硫化氢腐蚀、保温层下腐蚀、冲蚀、冷却水腐蚀等6种损伤机理,分析了各损伤机理的影响因素、重点设备和相关的防护措施；4、确定了各损伤机理的临界可靠变量,建立了完整的腐蚀控制手册,并对腐蚀控制手册数据库进行模拟构架。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of China's crude oil dependence year by year, the import of inferior oil often brings serious corrosion problems to Chinese oil refineries.Starting from the severe corrosion safety problems in oil refining enterprises today and taking actual corrosion accidents as an example, this paper expounds the analysis and control of typical atmospheric and vacuum corrosion, and the necessity and significance of studying corrosion control manual.The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. The basic concept of corrosion control manual is expounded, and the relationship and difference between corrosion control manual and risk-based detection, operational integrity platform are explained from the practical point of view.The basic establishment flow of corrosion control manual is studied, which includes establishing material selection diagram, selecting damage mechanism, determining critical reliability variable and making operation instruction. Taking Liaoyang Petrochemical Company 5.5 million t / a atmospheric and vacuum unit as an example.The basic situation, process principle, crude oil composition and condensate water of "Sanding" condensing system were analyzed. The electric desalination part, primary distillation part and atmospheric pressure part were drawn by using AutoCAD and other software.In this paper, five material selection charts, such as decompression part and top reducing part, are divided into 14 material flow charts, and the material selection rules of each type of atmospheric and vacuum equipment and the material upgrading method and anticorrosive coating measures of the device are put forward. Based on the material selection diagram,Five corrosion flowcharts are drawn, and six damage mechanisms, such as H 2S HCI H 2O corrosion, high temperature vulcanization corrosion, wet hydrogen sulfide corrosion, under insulation layer corrosion, erosion and cooling water corrosion, are found and analyzed in detail, and the influencing factors of each damage mechanism are analyzed.The critical reliability variables of each damage mechanism are determined, the complete corrosion control manual is established, and the database of corrosion control manual is simulated.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE986

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