油气输送管线水合物沉积研究进展

发布时间：2018-04-03 20:15

本文选题：水合物　切入点：沉积　出处：《化工进展》2017年09期

【摘要】：水合物在油气输送管线内的沉积是导致管线堵塞的重要原因。本文调研了国内外水合物沉积研究常用的实验装置,主要包括微机械力测量装置、摇晃式反应釜和不同规模的实验环路。利用上述装置的实验研究及相关计算流体力学模拟研究共同表明,水合物颗粒的管线着床、水合物的管壁膜生长和水合物颗粒的管壁黏附是油气输送管线内水合物沉积的3种主要机理。水合物浓度过高、水合物颗粒粒径过大及管内流速过低是水合物颗粒着床沉积的主要原因。管壁和流体间存在温度梯度且管壁处过冷度较大时,水分子或气体分子由流体内部向管壁处的扩散是引发水合物膜生长沉积的根本原因。水合物颗粒与管壁间的毛细液桥力和范德华力是粘附沉积产生的主要原因。针对3类沉积机理,分别介绍了其沉积特性及相关沉积模型。过冷度与水合物的沉积机理密切相关,因此可根据流体过冷度的大小对管线不同位置处的水合物沉积机理进行区分。沉积模型的完善及水合物沉积特性与流体流动特性间的耦合对油气流动安全保障具有非常重大的意义,是未来研究的重点。
[Abstract]:Hydrate deposition in oil and gas pipelines is an important cause of pipeline blockage.In this paper, the experimental devices commonly used in hydrate deposition research at home and abroad are investigated, including micromechanical force measuring devices, rocking reactors and experimental loops of different scales.The experimental study of the above device and the related computational fluid dynamics simulation show that the gas hydrate particle is placed in the pipeline.The growth of gas hydrate membrane and the adhesion of hydrate particles are the three main mechanisms of hydrate deposition in oil and gas transportation pipeline.The main reasons for hydrate pellet deposition are too high hydrate concentration, too large particle size and too low velocity of flow in the tube.When there is a temperature gradient between the tube wall and the fluid and the undercooling degree of the tube wall is high, the diffusion of water or gas molecules from the fluid to the tube wall is the fundamental reason for the growth and deposition of hydrate membrane.The capillary bridging force and van der Waals force between hydrate particles and tube wall are the main causes of adhesion deposition.According to the three kinds of deposition mechanism, the sedimentary characteristics and the related deposition models are introduced respectively.The supercooling degree is closely related to the mechanism of hydrate deposition, so the mechanism of hydrate deposition at different locations of the pipeline can be distinguished according to the degree of fluid undercooling.The perfection of sedimentary model and the coupling between hydrate deposition and fluid flow are of great significance for the safety and security of oil and gas flow, and are the focus of future research.
【作者单位】：山东省油气储运安全省级重点实验室中国石油大学(华东);中国石化集团新星石油有限责任公司;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(51006120) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(14CX02207A,17CX06017,17CX05006) 中国石油大学(华东)研究生创新工程(YCX2017062)项目
【分类号】：TE832

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